英语四级各题分值
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟题2019年(9)
(总分710, 做题时间125分钟)
Part Ⅳ Translation
1.
铜鼓(bronze drum)文化是中国南方地区典型的文化代表。在古代，铜鼓多用于祭拜、出征仪式(deploy-ing ritual)和庆祝活动。它是激动人心的打击乐器(percussion instrument)，给人们带来极大的精神鼓舞。在战场上，铜鼓还被用于传送信号、指挥作战。直至今日，许多少数民族依然保持着在传统节日、婚娶和丧葬等场合使用铜鼓的习俗。铜鼓文化极大地丰富了中华民族艺术的宝库。
该问题分值: 118.4
答案:
The bronze drum culture is representative of South China's culture. In ancient times, bronze drums were mostly used at the sacrifice ceremonies, deploying rituals and celebrating ceremonies. They belong to exciting percussion instruments which bring people great spiritual inspiration. Bronze drums were also used to transmit signals and direct military operations in battles. Until now, many minority groups still maintain the tradition of playing the bronze drums on the occasions such as traditional festivals, wedding ceremonies and funeral ceremonies. The bronze drum culture greatly enriches the treasure house of Chinese national art.
The bronze drum culture is representative of South China's culture. In ancient times, bronze drums were mostly used at the sacrifice ceremonies, deploying rituals and celebrating ceremonies. They belong to exciting percussion instruments which bring people great spiritual inspiration. Bronze drums were also used to transmit signals and direct military operations in battles. Until now, many minority groups still maintain the tradition of playing the bronze drums on the occasions such as traditional festivals, wedding ceremonies and funeral ceremonies. The bronze drum culture greatly enriches the treasure house of Chinese national art.
1．第1句中的“代表”可译为representative，常用短语是be representative of。该词作形容词时包含有“有代表性的，典型的”，故可省译原文中的“典型的”，而“中国南方地区”表达为South China已可达意，无需再译出area。
2．第2句中的“铜鼓多用于祭拜、出征仪式和庆祝活动”可按其字面义直译，或用增译法把宾
2．第2句中的“铜鼓多用于祭拜、出征仪式和庆祝活动”可按其字面义直译，或用增译法把宾
语中心词“场合”(occasions)补译出来，举例“祭拜、出征仪式……”用such as引出，译作such as sacrifice ceremonies…。
3．第3句有两个分句，两句的逻辑主语相同，可将后半句处理成定语从句，用which引导。“给(什么人)带来(什么东西)”可套用句型bring sb．sth．，译作which bring people great spiritual inspiration，结构紧凑。
4．倒数第2句中的“保持着……的习俗”可用短语maintain the tradition…译出。状语“在传统节日、婚娶和丧葬等场合”用介词短语on the occasions such as traditional festivals…来表达。
3．第3句有两个分句，两句的逻辑主语相同，可将后半句处理成定语从句，用which引导。“给(什么人)带来(什么东西)”可套用句型bring sb．sth．，译作which bring people great spiritual inspiration，结构紧凑。
4．倒数第2句中的“保持着……的习俗”可用短语maintain the tradition…译出。状语“在传统节日、婚娶和丧葬等场合”用介词短语on the occasions such as traditional festivals…来表达。
2.
元曲(Yuan opera)是中国一种别具一格的文学形式和戏剧形式。它首先流行于民间，内容充满了生活气息。元曲有固定的格式，但相比于唐诗宋词(Tang and Song poetry)，有较大的灵活性。历史上涌现了一批杰出元曲剧作家(playwright)，其中以关汉卿最负盛名。元曲和唐诗宋词一样，是中国古典文学的重要组成部分。元曲的兴起对于中国民族诗歌的发展和文化的繁荣有着深远的影响。
该问题分值: 118.4
答案:
Yuan opera is a characteristic form of literature and drama in China. It first became popular **mon people as its content was full of the flavor of life. Yuan opera has its own fixed form but is quite more **pared with Tang and Song poetry. There appeared in history a number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous. Like Tang and Song poetry, Yuan opera is an important part of Chinese classical literature. The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China.
Yuan opera is a characteristic form of literature and drama in China. It first became popular **mon people as its content was full of the flavor of life. Yuan opera has its own fixed form but is quite more **pared with Tang and Song poetry. There appeared in history a number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous. Like Tang and Song poetry, Yuan opera is an important part of Chinese classical literature. The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China.
1．第2句中的两个分句“它首先流行于民间”及“内容充满了生活气息”隐含因果关系，翻译时可将这层关系译出，把第2个分句处理为as或for引导的原因状语从句。该句中的“生活气息”直译为flavor of life，该短语在文中实际上是指元曲讲述的都是日常生活，故该句也可意译为its content filled with daily／social life．
2．翻译第3句“元曲有固定的格式，但相比于唐诗宋词，有较大的灵活性”时，为了论述连贯，
2．翻译第3句“元曲有固定的格式，但相比于唐诗宋词，有较大的灵活性”时，为了论述连贯，
应将第2、3分句的位置对调。“相比于……”用短语compared with来表达。整句可译为Yuan opera has its．．．but is quite．．．compared with Tang and Song poetry。
3．第4句中的“历史上涌现了……”是无主语句，翻译时可将“元曲剧作家”作为句子的主语，译作A number of…playwrights sprang up…；或者可用句型There appeared in history．．．来表达。“其中以关汉卿……”处理成用among whom引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“元曲剧作家”，译作among whom GuanHanqing was the most famous。
4．第5句中的状语“和唐诗宋词一样”表达为Like Tang and Song poetry，置句首。“元曲”则移至后半句作主语，“元曲是中国古典文学的重要组成部分”译作Yuan opera is an important part．．．。“中国古典文学的”用介词短语of Chinese classical literature来表达。
3．第4句中的“历史上涌现了……”是无主语句，翻译时可将“元曲剧作家”作为句子的主语，译作A number of…playwrights sprang up…；或者可用句型There appeared in history．．．来表达。“其中以关汉卿……”处理成用among whom引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“元曲剧作家”，译作among whom GuanHanqing was the most famous。
4．第5句中的状语“和唐诗宋词一样”表达为Like Tang and Song poetry，置句首。“元曲”则移至后半句作主语，“元曲是中国古典文学的重要组成部分”译作Yuan opera is an important part．．．。“中国古典文学的”用介词短语of Chinese classical literature来表达。
3.
天安门广场(Tiananmen Square)位于北京市中心，是世界上最大的广场。整个广场东西宽500米，南北长880米，总面积达44万平方米。矗立在广场中央的人民英雄纪念碑(Monument to the People's Heroes)是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑。天安门广场与其周围的建筑，被称为中国的心脏，是举行重大庆典的神圣之地。天安门广场还是著名的旅游景点，每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游。
该问题分值: 118.4
答案:
Located at the center of Beijing City, Tiananmen Square is the largest square in the world. It covers a total area of 440,000 square meters, measuring 880 meters north to south, and 500 meters east to west. Monument to the People's Heroes, the first architecture built on the square after the founding of New China, stands upright in the center. Tiananmen Square, together with the surrounding architectures, can be called the heart of China. It is the holy place where grand ceremonies are held. Tiananmen Square is also a famous tourist attraction with a large amount of visitors from home and abroad every day.
Located at the center of Beijing City, Tiananmen Square is the largest square in the world. It covers a total area of 440,000 square meters, measuring 880 meters north to south, and 500 meters east to west. Monument to the People's Heroes, the first architecture built on the square after the founding of New China, stands upright in the center. Tiananmen Square, together with the surrounding architectures, can be called the heart of China. It is the holy place where grand ceremonies are held. Tiananmen Square is also a famous tourist attraction with a large amount of visitors from home and abroad every day.
1．第1句中的“位于北京市中心”可处理为地点状语，用过去分词短语located at the center of Beijing City来表达，将第2个分句处理为句子的主干，使译文主次分明。
2．第2句中，将“总面积达44万平方米”处理为主干it covers a total area of….“整个广场东西
2．第2句中，将“总面积达44万平方米”处理为主干it covers a total area of….“整个广场东西
宽500米，南北长880米”表伴随状态，可译为分词短语measuring 880 meters north to south，and．．．east to west，动词measure表“距离／长度／宽度为……”，用在此处生动形象。
3．第3句的主干是“人民英雄纪念碑是第一座建筑”，而“矗立在广场中央的”则为修饰“人民英雄纪念碑”的定语。该句可按原语序结构，把“矗立在广场中央的”译为定语从句，整句译为Monument to the People's Heroes that stands．．．is the first architecture…；或可将“矗立在广场中央的”译为伴随状语，standing in the center of．．．；也可将“是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑”处理为“人民英雄纪念碑”的同位语，表达为Monument to the People's Heroes，the first architecture built．．．，stands….
4．第4句最后一个分句“是举行重大庆典的神圣之地”语义较独立，故考虑分译为一个独立的句子。定语“举行重大庆典的”较长，且含有动作，故译为定语从句，置于被修饰词holy place之后。
5．最后一句后半句的“每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游”的逻辑主语与前半句中的主语“天安门广场”不一致，翻译时可稍作处理，将其意思转换为“每天吸引大量的中外游客到此……”，译为attracting a large amount of tourists…,表伴随状态。或可用介词短语with a lar
3．第3句的主干是“人民英雄纪念碑是第一座建筑”，而“矗立在广场中央的”则为修饰“人民英雄纪念碑”的定语。该句可按原语序结构，把“矗立在广场中央的”译为定语从句，整句译为Monument to the People's Heroes that stands．．．is the first architecture…；或可将“矗立在广场中央的”译为伴随状语，standing in the center of．．．；也可将“是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑”处理为“人民英雄纪念碑”的同位语，表达为Monument to the People's Heroes，the first architecture built．．．，stands….
4．第4句最后一个分句“是举行重大庆典的神圣之地”语义较独立，故考虑分译为一个独立的句子。定语“举行重大庆典的”较长，且含有动作，故译为定语从句，置于被修饰词holy place之后。
5．最后一句后半句的“每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游”的逻辑主语与前半句中的主语“天安门广场”不一致，翻译时可稍作处理，将其意思转换为“每天吸引大量的中外游客到此……”，译为attracting a large amount of tourists…,表伴随状态。或可用介词短语with a lar
ge amount of visitors．．．作后置定语，修饰tourist attraction。“到此参观旅游”承前的“旅游景点”可省略不译。
4.
郑成功是明朝末年(the late Ming Dynasty)的民族英雄。他的父亲郑芝龙曾为海盗(pirate)，母亲为日本人，他本人则于1624年出生于日本。在清朝的军队攻入福建后，郑成功的父亲向清政府投降了。而郑成功却带领军队在中国东南沿海地区抗击清军，成为抗击清军的主要军事力量之一。然而，在郑成功的一生中，最著名的事迹是他赶走了荷兰殖民者(Holland colonist)，收复了台湾。
该问题分值: 118.4
答案:
Zheng Chenggong was a national hero in the late Ming Dynasty. His father, Zheng Zhilong,
Zheng Chenggong was a national hero in the late Ming Dynasty. His father, Zheng Zhilong,
used to be a pirate and his mother was a Japanese. Zheng Chenggong was bom in Japan in 1624. After the Qing army broke into Fujian Province, Zheng Chenggong's father surrendered to the Qing government But Zheng Chenggong himself led his army to resist the Qing army in the coastal area of Southeast China, becoming one of the main military forces fighting against the Qing army. However, in Zheng Chenggong's life, the most famous deed was that he drove the Holland colonists away and recovered Taiwan.
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