PUBLIC ENGLISH TEST SYSTEM (PETS) LEVEL 3
SECTION ⅠListening（25 minutes）
答案：BACDA BCDDB CDBBA CDCCD ABAAD
SECTION II Reading （50 minutes）
Part A
Directions: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1
Passwords are everywhere in computer security. All too often, they are also ineffective. A good password has to be both easy to remember and hard to guess，but in practice people seem to pay attention to the former. Names of wives, husbands and children are popular. “123456” or “12345” are also common choices.
That predictability lets security researchers (and hackers) create dictionaries which list common passwords, useful to those seeking to break in. But although researchers know th
at passwords are insecure，working out just how insecure has been difficult. Many studies have only small samples to work on.
However, with the co-operation of Yahoo!，Joseph Bonneau of Cambridge University obtained the biggest sample to date— 70 million passwords that came with useful data about their owners.
Mr Bonneau found some interesting variations. Older users had better passwords than young ones. People whose preferred language was Korean or German chose the most secure passwords；those who spoke Indonesian the least. Passwords designed to hide sensitive information such as credit-card numbers were only slightly more secure than those protecting less important things, like access to games. “Nag screens” that told users they had chosen a weak password made virtually no difference. And users whose accounts had been hacked in the past did not make more secure choices than those who had never been hacked.
But it is the broader analysis of the sample that is of most interest to security researchers.
For, despite their differences，the 70 million users were still predictable enough that a generic password dictionary was effective against both the entire sample and any slice of it. Mr Bonneau is blunt：“An attacker who can manage ten guesses per account will compromise around 1% of accounts. ” And that is a worthwhile outcome for a hacker.
One obvious solution would be for sites to limit the number of guesses that can be made before access is blocked. Yet whereas the biggest sites, such as Google and Microsoft, do take such measures, many do not. The reasons of their not doing so are various. So it’s time for users to consider the alternatives to traditional passwords.
26. People tend to use passwords that are _____.
[A] easy to remember [B] hard to figure out
三级 英语[C] random numbers [D ] popular names
【答案】A
27. Researchers find it difficult to know how unsafe passwords are due to _____.
[A ] lack of research tools [C] limited time of studies
[B ] lack of research funds [D] limited size of samples
【答案】D
28. It is indicated in the text that _____.
[A] Indonesians are sensitive to password security
[B] young people tend to have secure passwords
[C] nag screens help little in password security
[D] passwords for credit cards are usually safe
【答案】C
29. The underlined word “compromise” in Para. 5 most probably means _____.
[A ] comprise [ B ] compensate
[C] endanger [D] encounter
【答案】C
30. The last paragraph of the text suggests that _____.
[A] net users regulate their online behaviors
[B] net users rely on themselves for security
[C ] big websites limit the number of guesses
[D ] big websites offer users convenient access
【答案】B
Text 2
John Lubbock, a British member of the Parliament, led to the first law to safeguard Britain' s heritage—the Ancient Monuments Bill. How did it happen?
By the late 1800s more and more people were visiting Stonehenge for a day out. Now a World Heritage Site owned by the Crown, it was, at the time, privately owned and neglected.
But the visitors left behind rubbish and leftover food. It encouraged rats that made holes at the stones’ foundations, weakening them. One of the upright stones had already fallen over and one had broken in two. They also chipped pieces off the stones for souvenirs and carved pictures into them, says architectural critic Jonathan Glancey.
It was the same for other pre-historic remains, which were disappearing fast. Threats also included farmers and landowners as the ancient stones got in the way of working on the fields and were a free source of building materials.
Shocked and angry, Lubbock took up the fight. When he heard Britain’ s largest ancient stone circle at Avebury in Wiltshire was up for sale in 1871 he persuaded its owners to sell it to him and the stone circle was saved.
“Lubbock aroused national attention for ancient monuments,’’ says Glancey. “At the time places like Stonehenge were just seen as a collection of stones, ancient sites to get building materials.”
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