计算机硬件    English Answer:
    Computer Hardware.
    Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and processing data.
    Memory (RAM): Stores data and instructions currently being processed by the CPU.
    Storage (HDD/SSD): Long-term storage for data, such as operating systems, software, and files.
    Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Dedicated to processing graphics and visual data.
    Motherboard: Connects all the components of a computer system.
    Power Supply Unit (PSU): Provides power to all the components in the computer.
    Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.
    Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.
    Computer Software.
    Operating System (OS): Manages the hardware and provides a platform for running software applications.
    Application Software: Specific programs designed to perform tasks, such as word processing, web browsing, or gaming.
    Firmware: Embedded software that controls hardware devices, such as the BIOS.
    Drivers: Software that enables the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.
    Utility Software: Tools that perform maintenance and troubleshooting tasks, such as antivirus software.
    Additional Concepts.
    Binary System: The base-2 number system used by computers.
    Data Representation: How data is stored and represented in computer systems.
    Networking: Connecting multiple computers to share resources and communicate.
    Cloud Computing: Using remote servers to store data and run applications.
    Virtualization: Creating virtual machines to run multiple operating systems on a single physical computer.