花季莫种相思树
爱情的意义在于帮助对方提高,同时也要提高自己,唯有那因
为爱而变得思想清澈、身手矫健的人,才算爱得深沉。
——车尔尼雪夫斯基
绿鹅的故事
意大利文艺复兴时期薄伽丘的重要作品《十日谈》(1350)中,《第四天的故事开场白》的内容是这样的:意大利佛罗伦萨城有个叫腓力巴杜奇的,他的贤德的妻子不幸去世。他
哀痛欲绝,万念俱灰,于是带着两岁的儿子,前往阿西那奥山修行。儿子长到18岁,要求出去见见世面。腓力便带儿子下山。
一路上看到儿子从没见过的皇宫、教堂、牛马等,腓力一一做了介绍。后来见到一
衣着华丽的漂亮姑娘,儿子就又问:“这是什么?”腓力连忙说:“孩子,快低下头,眼
睛看地面,不要看他们,这是害人的东西!”可是儿子依然追问:“她们究竟是什么名堂呢?”腓力告诉他:“
这叫绿鹅,全都是祸水。”儿子竟然要求要带一只“绿鹅”回去,哀求不已,还这样说:“我不懂得为什么她们是祸水,我只觉得,我还没看见过这样美丽的事物。他们比天使的画像还美丽。就让我带一只绿鹅回去吧。”
为什么故事中的儿子在五光十的世界里独独看到了“绿鹅”呢?这说明青少年对异
性表示好奇与兴趣是正常的心理现象。
处于青春期的中职学生在生理上发生了巨大的变化,心理上也出现了前所未有的新特点、新体验,进入了人生发展的关键期。由于对异性充满好感,你们渴望接近异性,并试
图与异性同学建立比较好的关系。异性同学间相互吸引、相互欣赏,这是走向成熟的表现。异性间健康的交往或友谊,是一种合理的需要,有助于个性的全面发展。然而,由于青春
期学生的过于敏感和富于想象,使不少同学在异性交往过程中,把握不好友谊和爱情的界限,常将两者混淆,影响学业,导致心理困扰,甚至是给人生留下阴影。
所以,同学们首先应认清恋爱的实质,分清爱情和友情的区别。
一、爱的定义
爱情是人与人之间的强烈的依恋、亲近、向往,以及无私专一并且无所不尽其心的高
级情感。它的基本倾向是奉献。
在汉文化里,爱就是网住对方的心,具有亲密、情欲和承诺的属性,并且对这种关系
的长久性持有信心,也能够与对方分享私生活。爱情是人性的组成部分,狭义上指情侣之
间的爱,广义上还包括朋友之间的爱情和亲人之间的爱情。在爱的情感基础上,爱情在不
同的文化也发展出不同的特征。
爱是需要共同奋斗的承诺;爱是需要同甘共苦的毅
力;爱是需要彼此信任的扶持;爱是需要相互尊重的默
契。爱是一种责任,你们现在具备这样的品质吗?
LOVE的涵义:
L代表Listen(倾听),爱就是要无条件无偏见地
初恋这件小事演员表倾听对方的需求,并给予自己最大的协助。
O代表only(唯一)爱就是百分百的纯正,对唯一的你所作出唯一的承诺。
V代表Valued(尊重),爱就是展现你的尊重,表达体贴,真诚的鼓励,悦耳的赞美,
尊重他或她的选择。
E代表Excuse(宽恕),爱就是仁慈的对待,宽恕对方的缺点与错误,维持优点与长处,并帮助他改正错误。
二、爱的分类
20世纪70年代有的西方社会心理学者把爱情分为6种类型:
①冲动爱情,又称浪漫爱情。受到对方直接而强烈的身体吸引,总是想到对方,总想尽
可能多地与对方在一起,对对方的判断往往是不客观的。
②自我中心爱情。爱情的个体并不希望被爱恋对象束缚,也不希望爱恋对象被自己束缚,把爱情看成是一系列挑战和解决难题,避免因承诺而造成负担。
③依赖爱情。具有这种爱情的人常表现得焦虑不安、寝食不佳、妒忌心强烈,结局多
为悲剧性。
④实用性爱情。爱恋者寻在个性、宗教信仰、兴趣、背景等条件方面相配的爱恋对象,希望一旦到合适的爱恋对象,双方的感情能进一步发展。在由父母安排的婚姻中,
这种爱情形式较为多见。
⑤结伴爱情。不像冲动爱情或依赖爱情那样激动人心,双方开始时是朋友,具有相同
的兴趣爱好,在一起工作,逐渐发展产生爱情。具有这种爱情关系的双方,即使后来分手了,可能仍然
保持朋友关系。
⑥利他爱情。一种典型的基督教爱情观念,带有忍耐性和仁爱彩,不要求得到回报。
这种爱情在现实生活中常常难以做到。
3、爱与喜欢辨析
爱情与喜欢有4点不同:
(1)爱情有较多的幻想;喜欢则不是由对他人的幻想唤起,而是由对他人的现实评价
唤起;喜欢不像爱情那样狂热、激烈、迫切,始终比较平稳、宁静、客观。
(2)爱情与许多相互冲突的情绪有联系;喜欢却是一种单纯的情感体验。
(3)爱情具有独占性和排他性,喜欢则不具有。
有的社会心理学家曾设计了爱情量表和喜欢量表,用以测量个体间爱恋的程度和喜欢的程度。
(1)爱情量表的部分项目是:
①如果我不能同他(她)永远在一起,我会感到苦恼;
②对于任何事情我都会原谅他(她);
③我觉得对于任何事情我都会信赖他(她)。
(2)喜欢量表的部分项目是:
①我觉得他(她)非常好相处;
②结识以后多数人对他(她)的反应是好的;
③他(她)是我想成为的那种人。
运用这两类量表,不仅可以大体反映个体间吸引是属于爱情还是喜欢,也可以反映爱恋和喜欢的程度。
四、恋爱必经阶段
有位心理学家曾写道,一个成熟称得上真爱的恋情,必须经过4个阶段,那就是共存阶段→反依赖阶段→独立阶段→共生阶段。阶段之间转换所需的时间不一定,因人而易。
第1个阶段:共存。
这是热恋时期,情人不论何时何地总希望能腻在一起。
第2个阶段:反依赖。
等到情感稳定后,至少会有一方想要有多一点自己的时间作自己想做的事,这时另一方就会感到被冷落。
第3个阶段:独立。
这是第二个阶段的延续,要求更多独立自主的时间。
第4个阶段:共生。
这时新的相处之道已经成形,你的他(她)已经成为你最亲的人。你们在一起相互扶持、一起开创属于你们自己的人生。你们在一起不会互相牵绊,而会互相成长。
同学们,爱情不仅仅是相互吸引,相互喜欢。它要求恋爱双方具备进行爱情的条件,做好承受爱的准备,这包括具有一定的经济基础和良好的事业基础,双方较为一致的目标和较为稳定和明确的未来;它要求双方具备爱的品质,包括对情感的理智思考和一定的克制能力,愿意为对方着想负责,尊重理解,相互宽容等。
中职生恋爱的心理成因
1)好奇探秘。处于青春期的你们生理发育已成熟,由对异性的亲近期过渡到恋爱期,内心渴望了解异性和得到异性的爱。这种异形间的吸引与好奇,往往被你们当成是爱情。
2)模仿心理。学生的早恋往往模仿的是文艺作品、电影、电视中的爱情生活,尤其是很多偶像剧中的爱情情节,都深深影响着你们。
3)逆反心理。学生入校后,无论是教师还是父母,都不时提醒:“不准谈恋爱。”信息强化的结果是引起某些学生的逆反心理。这往往表现在个性强、叛逆、不拘小节的学生身上。
4)追赶时髦。在校园里,谈恋爱似乎成为一种时髦,不谈恋爱,似乎个性就得不到体现;
不谈恋爱,似乎就降低了自己的身价;不谈恋爱,似乎就不能吸引别人的眼球。这种类型很典型。
5)寻求温暖。有些学生家庭生活颇为不幸,随着年龄的增长,在精神上越来越渴求爱,渴求温暖,若无法从亲人那儿得到,就会把目光投向与之朝夕相处的同学身上。
6)空虚无聊。单调的学习生活使部分学生产生空虚、无聊感。中职生精力旺盛,需要通过各种活动来发泄自己的情感和精力,但很多学生不到自己的兴趣爱好,不免感到单调、空虚和莫名的烦闷,于是通过“谈恋爱”来填补空虚。
与异性正确交往的方式和技巧
男女生的交往不仅是正常的,而且是必要的,有益于青少年身心健康成长。而要摆脱友情与爱情的困惑,关键在于学会把握与异性交往的“度”,选择与异性同学相处的适宜方式,遵守必要的异性交往原则。过分拘谨、畏缩,会妨碍青少年男女之间的交往;过分热情、随便,又显得轻浮,不庄重,同样是不可取的,那么,怎样才是正确的异性交往方式呢?
1)注意交往方式,以集体交往为宜。一般而言,集体活动更能为异性同学提供健康的交往氛围和环境条件,有利于纯真、健康的异性友情的萌发和培养,也有利于异性同学之间自然而然地形成相互学习、共同提高的交往动机。
2)适当扩大交往的范围,最好能与异性同学保持平等交往。长时间只与某一异性同学频繁交往可能带来许多不良的后果。一是容易引起周围同学的猜测和误解,而是容易引起对方的误解。
3)与异性交往最好选择在公共场所,尽量避免单独与异性相处。确实需单独相处时要把握好交往时的分寸,比如单独相处的时间不宜过长,不要选择在偏僻的地方或晚上的时间外出等。
4)言行适当,举止大方。举止文明,端庄稳重,落落大方,自尊自爱;同时也尊重对
Learn General Secretary on "two to learn a" strengthening "four Consciousnesses" important speech c
aused a strong reaction in the country. Time, watching "red treasure", the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become the grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the party organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the "pedal" spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres "success does not have to be me" and "the first to bear hardships, the last to" service spirit to set the party's positive image among the people is important. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to cleanse all people not happy not to see "stereotypes", establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the "money," corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zhou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhou's solution to restore the party's fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing "take, eat, card," undesirable and behaviour, "cross, hard and cold, push" attitude. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to fo
cus on the grass-roots party branches "loose, soft, loose" problem, advance the party members and cadres, "a gang working", "Hong Kong report." Strong cleanup actions, style and rambling, presumptuous "unqualified" party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres "joining party of thought" problem. "Party building" is obtained in the long-term development of our party's historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the party's construction of a new "rectification movement." Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented. Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. "Two" should have three kinds of consciousness "two" study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party members had a solid ideological basis. Only the "learning" and "do" real unity, to form a "learn-learn-do-do" the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the Organization 方,不要出现过分亲昵、随便、轻浮、暧昧的言语和动作,或富有爱实行的身体距离、身体接触等,以免引起不必要的误会。
《爱你就像爱生命》,王小波著,上海锦绣文章出版社,2008
《爱的艺术》,弗洛姆著,上海译文出版社,2008
《男人来自火星,女人来自金星》,约翰·格雷著,吉林文史出版社,2005
《少有人走的路—心智成熟的旅程》,斯科特·派克著,吉林文史出版社,2007☐《飞屋环游记》,导演:彼特·道格特,美国
《美食、祈祷和恋爱》,导演:瑞恩·墨菲,美国
《初恋这件小事》,泰国
《乱世佳人》,美国
learning education, need three kinds of consciousness: one is to establish an integrated awareness. "Learning" and "do" what car isTwo-wheel, bird wings, need to go hand in hand, one end can be neglected. Communist theoretician and man. Only by closely combining theory and practice together in order to truly realize their value. "Learning" is the Foundation, the Foundation is not strong, shaking; " "Is the key to net to net thousands of accounts. "Two" education, "" lay the basis, going to "do" the key grip, so that the "learning" and "doing" back to standard, so that the majority of party members "learn" learning theory of nutrients, in the "doing" practice party's purposes. Second, to establish a sense of depth. "Learning" and "do" not Chu drawn, entirely different, but the organic unity of the whole.
"Two" learning education, we need to explore integrating "learning" in "do", exhibit "do" in "Science". To avoid the "learning" into simple room instruction, "do" into a monotone for doing. Should exploration "learn" in the has "do", "do" in the has "learn" of education and practice of carrier, makes general grass-roots members can in "learn" in the has "do" of achievements sense, in "do" in the has "learn" of get sense, real makes party of theory brain into heart, put for people service concept outside of Yu shaped. Third, to adhere to long-term the awareness. Style construction on the road forever, "two" had to catch the long-term. "Two" study and education, by no means, assault-style wind-sport, but the recurrent education within the party. In recent years, the party's mass line education practice and "three-three" special education in grass-roots borne rich fruits, vast numbers of party members and cadres withstood the baptism of the spirit. "Two" greater need to focus on longer hold long-term, to establish and perfect the effective mechanism of the education, focusing on the creation of long-term education, strive to make the vast number of party members to maintain their vanguard Color, maintain the party's advanced nature and purity. Awareness-raising, antennas and atmosphere – a discussion on how leading cadres of party members "two" current, "two" activity is in full swing up and down the country, party cadres as a "key minority" is both a barometer and impetus. The "two" meaning enough deep, is to determine the party cadres can resolve to study hard first. In the "two" in the process, some cadres of himself, standing long, high awareness, that Constitution Party rules is simple, its not worth b
othering some party cadres think speak series has nothing to do with the grass-roots work, water business learning series of speeches seen as window dressing. These "lazy, casual, and decadent" ideas learning lacks motivation, a serious impediment to "two" effect. John Stuart Mill once said, only a basic element of human thought patterns change dramatically, human destiny can make great improvement. The same, only party members and
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