定语从句
一．定义及相关术语
1.定语从句：在句子中做定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
1.定语从句：在句子中做定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.分类：限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句。
二．引导词
关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as（在句子中充当成分）
关系副词有：when, where, why （在句子中不充当成分）
2.指人的有：that, who, whom, whose
.指物的有：that, which, whose, as
.既指人又指物的有：that, whose
三．关系代词引导的定语从句
（一）关系代词
That
1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)
2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）
4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
5. Here is the man that you want to see.
6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before. （表语）
That指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which，做宾语时通常可以省略。
Which
which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）
2. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）
3. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）
Who
who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
限制性从句The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
限制性从句The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.
That is the teacher who teaches us physics.
Whom
whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.
Whose
whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father
is a doctor.
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.
注意：whose + n = the +n + of which/whom = of which/whom + the + n
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.
注意：whose + n = the +n + of which/whom = of which/whom + the + n
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.
Jack hit the boy whose father is a teacher.
= Jack hit the boy the father of whom is a teacher
= Jack hit the boy of whom the father is a teacher.
Exercises.
I like the book whose cover is yellow.
There stands a girl whose eyes are blue.
As
as引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。如：
1.I have the same book as you (have).
2.Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.)
3.---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?
--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.
4.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.
5.Don't do such things as you are not sure about.
6.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.
比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.
Exercises
（二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
1.The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
1.The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
2.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked. 3.This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked. 3.This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.
4.We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 5.The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
注意：
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 5.The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
注意：
１.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
1.This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)
This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
2.The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)
1.This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)
This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
2.The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指
物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
1.The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)
1.The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
2.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)
2.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)
３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
1.He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
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