非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句，可用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。如：
She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth．
David studies hard and is ready to help others，which is what his parents expect．
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which或as代表事物。关系代词作定语时用whose。如：
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有时表达的意义不同，试分析下面两个句子的差别：
His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）
3. as和which引导非限制性定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1）As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
He married her, as/which was natural.
He was honest, as/which we can see.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
2）as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以
切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3）the same… as；such…as 是固定结构, 意思是“和……一样……。” 如：
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
I have never heard such a story as he tells.
He is not such a fool as he looks.
This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
语法专项练习
单项填空
1. The soldier ran to the building, and ____flew a flag.
A. on the top of which B. on the top of whom
C. on the top of it D. which
2. When the same man ____murdered the old lady entered the hotel once more,
the waiter immediately phoned the police.
A. as B. that C. which D. whom
3. He wore, ____was very common at the time, a black jacket.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
4. Was it in the room ____Mr. Johnson lived ____the exhibition was held?
A. that; that B. where; that C. where; where D. that; where
5. ____, the population of China is the largest in the world.
A. It is known that B. As is well known
C. Which is well known D. We all know that
6. This is the very reason____ he gave me.
A. that B. why C. for which D. which
7. He arrived in New York in 1949, ____, some time later, he became a writer.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
8. They’re talking about the newly opened market, ____you get all ____you need.
A. in which; which B. where; that C. where; which D. which; that
9. She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
10. I said nothing, ____made her angry.
A. which B. what C. / D. that
11. I shall never forget the time ____the blacks and whites were fighting side by side.
A. when B. that C. / D. A, B and C
12. He has three sons, ____are doctors.
A. two of whom B. both of whom C. all of them D. each of them
13. He tore up my photo, and____ made me angry.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
14. I still remember the sitting-room____ my mother and I sat in last year.
A. where B. in which C. that D. to which
15. The day we looked forward to ____.
A. come B. coming C. having come D. has come
答案
1. C。由于and 的存在，这是并列句，而不是非限制性定语从句，排除A.
2. B。这里the same修饰man，其后只能用能代表人的关系代词that引导定语从句； whom是宾格，这里引导词要在从句中作主语，故不能用。
3. B。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，which所代表的是整个主句的意思，为了强调从句而提前了。限制性从句
4. B。识别强调句型不难，但极有可能在第一个空填that, 而误选D。其实被强调的部分还含有一个定语从句，修饰room.
5. B。只有as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前，排除C；若去掉句中的逗号，A项则可构成含有主语从句的复合句，D项则可构成含有宾语从句的复合句。
6. A。强干扰项是B. 这里不选why，是因为定语从句缺的是宾语，故用关系代词that. 试比较：This is the reason why he gave me so much money; 先行词已被very一类的词修饰过了，其后定语从句不用which引导，故亦排除D.
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