lncRNA GAS6-AS1靶向调控IL -11对子宫内膜基质细胞向成纤维细胞分化的影响
巫剑红,代荫梅,田玉翠,蒋子雯,王静璇,张宇迪
首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院 北京妇幼保健院妇科,北京100026
摘要:目的 探讨长链非编码RNA (lncRNA )生长停滞特异基因转录的反义RNA (GAS6-AS1)靶向调控白细胞介素11(IL -11)对子宫内膜基质细胞(ESCs )向成纤维细胞分化的影响。方法 体外传代培养ESCs ,取传3~6代、对数生长期、生长状态良好的ESCs ,随机分为TGF -β1未干预组和TGF -β1干预组。TGF -β1未干预组不予TGF -β1干预,TGF -β1干预组用无血清培养基饥饿培养后予TGF -β1干预,收集细胞,采用RT -qPCR 法检测lncRNA GAS6-AS1、IL -11及纤维化标志物α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA )、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1(COL1A1)mRNA 表达。另取传3~6代、对数生长期、生长状态良好的ESCs ,分别转染三条si -GAS6-AS1序列以及si -Control 序列,采用RT -qPCR 法验证转染效率。将转染si -GAS6-AS1的ESCs 用无血清培养基饥饿培养后予TGF -β1干预,收集细胞,采用Western blotting 法检测
IL -11、α-SMA 、COL1A1蛋白表达,采用CCK -8法检测细胞增殖活性,采用Annexin V -FITC /PI 双染法检测细胞凋亡率。结果 与TGF -β1未干预组比较,TGF -β1干预组lncRNA GAS6-AS1、IL -11、α-SMA 、COL1A1 mRNA 相对表达量均显著升高(P 均<0.01)。转染si -GAS6-AS1-1、si -GAS6-AS1-2
、si -GAS6-AS1-3及si -Control 序列的ESCs GAS6-AS1 mRNA 相对表达量分别为0.22 ± 0.04、0.27 ± 0.06、0.81 ± 0.07、1.00 ± 0.00。与转染si -Control 序列的ESCs 比较,转染si -GAS6-AS1-1、si -GAS6-AS1-2序列的ESCs GAS6-AS1 mRNA 相对表达量显著降低(P 均<0.01),而转染si -GAS6-AS1-3序列的ESCs GAS6-AS1 mRNA 相对表达量降低不明显(P >0.05)。因此,选择si -GAS6-AS1-1、si -GAS6-AS1-2序列进行后续实验。与si -Control + TGF -β1组比较,si -GAS6-AS1-1 + TGF -β1组和si -GAS6-AS1-2 + TGF -β1组IL -11、α-SMA 、COL1A1蛋白相对表达量及细胞增殖活性均显著降低,细胞凋亡率均显著升高(P 均<0.01)。结论 lncRNA
GAS6-AS1通过靶向调控IL -11表达抑制ESCs 向成纤维细胞分化。关键词:宫腔粘连;长链非编码RNA 生长停滞特异基因转录的反义RNA ;白细胞介素11;
子宫内膜基质细胞;成纤维细胞
doi :10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2023.13.003
中图分类号:R711.74  文献标志码:A  文章编号:1002-266X (2023)13-0010-05
Effect of lncRNA GAS6-AS1 on differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into fibroblasts by regulating IL -11
WU Jianhong , DAI Yinmei , TIAN Yucui , JIANG Ziwen , WANG Jingxuan , ZHANG Yudi
Department of Gynecology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100026, China
Abstract : Objective  To investigate the effect of long non -coding RNA (lncRNA ) growth arrest -specific gene tran⁃
scription antisense RNA (GAS6-AS1) on the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs ) into fibroblasts by regulat⁃
ing interleukin -11 (IL -11). Methods  ESCs cultured in vitro in the 3rd -6th  passage , which were in logarithmic growth
phase and had good growth status , were randomly divided into TGF -β1 non -intervention group and TGF -β1 intervention group. ESCs in the TGF -β1 non -intervention group were not treated with TGF -β1, while ESCs in the TGF -β1 intervention group were treated with TGF -β1 after starvation culture in serum -free medium , and then cells were collected. The mRNA expression levels of lncRNA GAS6-AS1, IL -11 and fibrosis markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA ) and type Ⅰ collagen
基金项目:北京市研究型病房示范建设项目(BCRW202109);首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院 北京妇幼保健院“优青人才”计划专项经费资助
项目(YQRC201804)。第一作者简介:巫剑红(1986-),女,博士研究生,主治医师,主要研究方向为妇科常见良性疾病诊治以及宫腔粘连的基础与临床。E -mail : wujianhong1222@ccmu.edu 通信作者简介:张宇迪(1973-),女,博士研究生,主任医师,主要研究方向为妇科常见疾病诊治以及子宫内膜异位症的基础与临床。E -mail : zhangydcn@ccmu.edu
开放科学(资源服务)
标识码(OSID )
10
α1 (COL1A1) were detected by RT-qPCR. ESCs in the 3rd-6th passage, which were in logarithmic growth phase, and had good growth status, were transfected with three si-GAS6-AS1 and si-Control sequences, and RT-qPCR was used to verify the transfection efficiency. ESCs transfected with si-GAS6-AS1 were starved in serum-free medium and then subjected to TGF-β1 intervention. Cells were collected, and the protein expression levels of IL-11, α-SMA, and COL1A
1 were detected by Western blotting.The proliferative activity of cells was detected by CCK-8 and the apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining.Results  The mRNA relative expression levels of lncRNA GAS6-AS1, IL-11, α-SMA and COL1A1 in the TGF-β1 intervention group were significantly higher than those in the TGF-β1 non-intervention group (all P<0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of lncRNA GAS6-AS1 in ESCs transfected with si-GAS6-AS1-1,si-GAS6-AS1-2,si-GAS6-AS1-3 and si-Control were 0.22 ± 0.04,0.27 ± 0.06,0.81 ± 0.07,and 1.00 ± 0.00,respectively. Compared with ESCs transfected with si-Control, the relative mRNA expression levels of GAS6-AS1 in ESCs transfected with si-GAS6-AS1-1 and si-GAS6-AS1-2 decreased significantly (both P<0.01). However, the relative mRNA expression level of GAS6-AS1 in ESCs transfected with si-GAS6-AS1-3 did not decrease significantly (P>0.05). There⁃fore, si-GAS6-AS1-1 and si-GAS6-AS1-2 sequences were selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the si-Con⁃trol + TGF-β1 group, the relative protein expression levels of IL-11, α-SMA, COL1A1 and cell proliferation activity in the si-GAS6-AS1-1 + TGF-β1 group and si-GAS6-AS1-2 + TGF-β1 group significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rates sig⁃nificantly increased (all P<0.01).Conclusion  LncRNA GAS6-AS1 can inhibit the differentiation of ESCs into fibro⁃blasts by regulating the expression of IL-11.
Key words: intrauterine adhesion;lncRNA GAS6-AS1;interleukin-11;endometrial stromal cells;fibroblasts
宫腔粘连是由于子宫内膜损伤导致子宫内膜纤维化,继而引起宫腔部分或全部闭塞的妇科疾病。在子宫内膜纤维化过程中,子宫内膜基质细胞(ESCs)向成纤维细胞转化,发生了上皮间质转化(EMT)[1]。转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)能够诱导
EMT,是构建宫腔粘连模型的重要细胞因子[2]。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200 nt的非编码RNA分子,能够通过调控多种基因的表达参与EMT过程,从而在纤维化疾病中发挥重要作用[3-4]。生长停滞特异基因转录的反义RNA(GAS6-AS1)是GAS6下游的一段反义RNA,定位于人染体13q34。有研究报道,lncRNA GAS6-AS1能够调控肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移以及EMT[5]。鉴于宫腔粘连的本质是子宫内膜的纤维化过程[6],我们推测lncRNA GAS6-AS1可能亦与宫腔粘连有关。生物信息学分析发现,白细胞介素11(IL-11)是lncRNA GAS6-AS1反式作用的靶基因。有研究报道,IL-11在纤维化疾病中高表达,可通过促进EMT 参与纤维化疾病的发生、发展[7-10]。但lncRNA GAS6-AS1是否通过调控IL-11表达参与ESCs向成纤维细胞分化尚不清楚。2022年2月—10月,本研究探讨了lncRNA GAS6-AS1靶向调控IL-11对ESCs 向成纤维细胞分化的影响。现报告如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料 ESCs,购自商城北纳创联生物科技有限公司。三条小干扰GAS6-AS1(si-GAS6-AS1)序列及其阴性对照(si-Control)序列,购自广州锐博生物技术有限公司。PCR引物序列由北京微旋基因技术有限公司设计合成。TGF-β1,购自翌圣生物科技(上海)股份有限公司。实时荧光定量PCR仪,购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;7500 Real-time PCR
System,购自美国ABI公司。HiScript Ⅱ Q Select RT SuperMix、SYBR Green Master Mix,购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;CCK-8试剂盒、Annexin V-FITC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒,购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1(COL1A1)、IL-11一抗及山羊抗兔IgG二抗,购自英国Abcam公司。
1.2 细胞培养和TGF-β1干预 ESCs快速解冻复苏,接种于含10% FBS、1%青-链霉素双抗的DMEM 培养基,置于37 ℃、5% CO2、95%湿度的细胞培养箱培养。当细胞生长至80%~90%融合时,胰酶消化,按1∶2至1∶3传代。取传3~6代、对数生长期、生长状态良好的ESCs,随机分为TGF-β1未干预组和TGF-β1干预组。TGF-β1未干预组不予TGF-β1干预,TGF-β1干预组用无血清培养基饥饿培养24 h后接种于6孔板,每孔2 × 105个,然后加入10 ng/mL TGF-β1 2 mL干预48 h。
1.3 lncRNA GAS6-AS1、IL-11及纤维化标志物α-SMA、COL1A1 mRNA表达检测 采用RT-qPCR 法。收集上述细胞,采用TRIzol法提取细胞总RNA,经紫外可见分光光度计鉴定,提取的总RNA纯度和
浓度合格。按HiScript Ⅱ Q Select RT SuperMix说明将总RNA 逆转录合成为cDNA。逆转录条件:50 ℃ 15 min,85 ℃
11
5 s,4 ℃ 10 min。以cDNA为模板,按SYBR Green Mas⁃ter Mix说明进行PCR扩增。引物序列:GAS6-AS1上游引物5'-GTGGGTACTGCATTCCTACCG-3'、下游引物5'-CTCTCCTCTGATGGCAGGAC-3',IL-11上游引物5'-GGGACATTGGGATCTTTGC-3'、下游引物5'-GGAGTAGCCGTTCCAGTCG-3',α-SMA上游引物5′-GGCTCTGGGCTCTGTAAGG-3'、下游引物5'-CTCTTGCTCTGGGCTTCAAC-3',COL1A1上游引物5'-GAGGGCCAAGACGAAGACATC-3'、下游引物5'-CAGATCACGTCATCGCACAAC-3',GAPDH上游引物5'-AACTTTGGCATTGTGGAAGG-3'、下游引物5'-GAAGATGGTGATGGGATTTC-3'。PCR反应体系共20 µL:SYBR Green Ⅰ 10 µL,cDNA模板2 µL,上下游引物各1 µL,ddH2O
6 µL;反应条件:95 ℃预变性2 min,95 ℃变性30 s、58 ℃退火30 s、72 ℃延伸30 s 共40个循环。PCR扩增反应结束,绘制熔解曲线,收集循环阈值(CT)数。以GAPDH为内参,采用2-ΔΔCT法计算目的基因相对表达量。
1.4 细胞转染 取传3~6代、对数生长期、生长状态良好的ESCs,接种于6孔板,过夜培养。根据Lip
o⁃fectamine®3000转染试剂说明,分别转染三条si-GAS6-AS1序列(si-GAS6-AS1-1:5′-UCAUUU⁃GUGCAAAACAAGCAA-3',si-GAS6-AS1-2:5'-AAU⁃AGCAUCUUAGAAACACUU-3′,si-GAS6-AS1-3:5′-AAUCUCUAACCAAACAUCGUA-3′)及si-Control 序列(5′-AAUAGCAUCUUAGAAACACUU-3′),然后置于37 ℃、5% CO2、95%湿度的细胞培养箱培养4 h,更换完全培养基,继续培养48 h,收集细胞。采用RT-qPCR法验证转染效率,方法同1.3。
1.5 IL-11、α-SMA、COL1A1蛋白表达检测 采用Western blotting法。收集上述转染si-GAS6-AS1序列的ESCs,用无血清培养基饥饿培养24 h后接种于6孔板,每孔2 × 105个,然后加入10 ng/mL TGF-β1 2 mL干预48 h。收集细胞,用RIPA裂解液充分裂解,提取细胞总蛋白,经BCA法蛋白定量合格。然后加入适量上样缓冲液,100 ℃金属浴10 min,使蛋白充分变性。取变性蛋白20 µL,SDS-PAGE分离。电泳结束,采用恒流转膜法将蛋白电泳产物转印至
PVDF膜。50 g/L脱脂奶粉室温封闭后,分别加入IL-11、α-SMA、COL1A1、β-actin一抗,4 ℃孵育过夜。次日,加入山羊抗兔IgG二抗,室温孵育2 h。增强化学发光法发光,暗室内曝光、显影。采用Image J 软件分析各蛋白电泳条带灰度值。以β-actin为内参,以目的蛋白电泳条带灰度值与内参蛋白电泳条带灰度值的比值作为目的蛋白相对表达量。1.6 细胞增殖活性检测 采用CCK-8法。收集上述转染si-GAS6-AS1序列后TGF-β1干预的ESCs,接种于6孔板,每孔5 × 103个,置于37 ℃、5% CO2、95%湿度的细胞培养箱培养。培养24 h,每孔加入CCK-8溶液10 µL,37 ℃避光孵育2 h。酶标仪于450 nm
波长处检测各孔的光密度(OD)值。以OD450值代表细胞增殖活性。
1.7 细胞凋亡率检测 采用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法。收集上述转染si-GAS6-AS1序列后TGF-β1干预的ESCs,接种于6孔板,每孔5 × 103个,置于37 ℃、5% CO2、95%湿度的细胞培养箱培养。培养24 h,胰酶消化,1 000 r/min离心5 min、离心半径10 cm,收集细胞沉淀。然后用Annexin V-FITC结合液195 µL 重悬,再分别加入Annexin V-FITC 5 µL、PI 10 µL,轻轻混匀,室温避光孵育20 min,1 h内上流式细胞仪检测。
1.8 统计学方法 采用SPSS18.0统计软件。计量资料经非参数检验符合正态分布,以
-x± s表示,结果比较采用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
张雅玫2 结果
2.1 ESCs TGF-β1干预后lncRNA GAS6-AS1、IL-11及纤维化标志物α-SMA、COL1A1 mRNA表达变化 见表1。
2.2 干扰序列si-GAS6-AS1筛选结果 转染si-GAS6-AS1-1、si-GAS6-AS1-2、si-GAS6-AS1-3及si-Control序列的ESCs GAS6-AS1 mRNA相对表达量分别为0.22 ± 0.04、0.27 ± 0.06、0.81 ± 0.07、1.00 ± 0.00。与转染si-Control序列的ESCs比较,转染si-GAS6-AS1-1、si-GAS6-AS1-2序列的ESCs GAS6-
AS1 mRNA相对表达量显著降低(t分别为34.99、21.55,P均<0.01),而转染si-GAS6-AS1-3序列的
表1 ESCs TGF-β
1干预后lncRNA GAS6-AS1、IL-11、α-SMA、COL1A1 mRNA相对表达量变化(
-x± s)
组别TGF-β1未干预组TGF-β1干预组
t
P lncRNA GAS6-AS1
1.70 ± 0.17
3.81 ± 0.85
-9.12
<0.01
IL-11
0.77 ± 0.12
2.12 ± 0.05
-13.55
<0.01
α-SMA
0.61 ± 0.04
1.89 ± 0.02
-37.12
<0.01
COL1A1
0.61 ± 0.03
1.92 ± 0.06
-63.78
<0.01
12
ESCs GAS6-AS1 mRNA 相对表达量降低不明显(t =4.58,P >0.05)。因此,选择si -GAS6-AS1-1、si -GAS6-AS1-2序列进行后续实验。
2.3 敲减lncRNA GAS6-AS1的ESCs TGF -β1干预后IL -11、α-SMA 、COL1A1蛋白表达变化 见表2。
2.4 敲减lncRNA GAS6-AS1的ESCs TGF -β1干预后细胞增殖活性和细胞凋亡率变化 见表3。
3 讨论
宫腔粘连是一种妇科常见疾病,可引起月经异常、不孕、反复自然流产等一系列并发症。近年来,随着
人工流产手术、宫腔镜手术等宫腔内操作不断增多,宫腔粘连的发病率呈明显上升趋势[11]。目前,宫腔粘连主要采取宫腔镜下宫腔粘连松解术联合手术前后辅助性雌孕激素,但术后复发率较高,重度宫腔粘连患者复发率为20.0%~62.5%[12]。因此,积极探索有效的宫腔粘连防治方法,尤其是针对发病机制的靶向,成为近年来研究的热点。
子宫活检标本显示,在正常子宫内膜组织中纤维化结缔组织仅占13%~20%,而在宫腔粘连组织中纤维化结缔组织为50%~80%[13]。宫腔粘连患者子宫内膜被僵硬的、致密的、纤维化和瘢痕化的结缔组织取代,说明宫腔粘连的形成是纤维组织过度增生的结果。子宫内膜细胞主要包含ESCs 和子宫内膜上皮细胞。在正常生理过程中,ESCs 分化为子宫内膜上皮细胞来修复子宫内膜
[14]
。但在纤维化过程
中,ESCs 向成纤维细胞转化,发生了EMT 。有研究证实,在宫腔粘连的形成过程中产生了大量的细胞外基质,细胞外基质过度沉积和成纤维细胞增殖导致子宫内膜修复障碍,继而引起纤维性瘢痕形成
[15-16]
lncRNA GAS6-AS1是GAS6下游的一段反义
RNA ,定位于人染体13q34。有研究报道,lncRNA GAS6-AS1在结直肠癌组织中高表达,并且其高表达与结直肠癌患者预后不良呈正相关关系;体外细胞实验发现,lncRNA GAS6-AS1可通过上调三重基序家族蛋白正向调节结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和EMT [5]。IL -11是IL -6家族成员之一,最初在骨髓基质细胞中被发现,是一种有助于造血细胞生长的细胞因子[17]。随后,有学者发现IL -11与肿瘤转移和纤维化疾病发生过程中的EMT 密切相关。CHEN 等[18]将人肺癌A549细胞植入小鼠体内构建了移植瘤模型,注射IL -11后,肿瘤细胞间质标志蛋
白Snail 、Slug 、Vimentin 、E -cadherin 等表达上调,说明IL -11能够促进A549细胞的EMT 。PENG 等[7]研究发现,在口腔鳞状细胞癌中IL -11可通过与糖蛋白130受体结合上调基质金属蛋白酶表达,从而促进肿瘤转移的EMT 过程。此外,IL -11在肺纤维化小鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞中高表达,并通过TGF -β1/IL -11/MEK /ERK 信号通路促进Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞发生EMT [8]。但目前的研究集中在IL -11通过调控下游信号通路而促进EMT ,鲜见上游基因调控IL -11
抑制EMT 的研究报道。
本研究结果发现,ESCs 经TGF -β1干预后纤维化标志物α-SMA 、COL1A1 mRNA 相对表达量显著升
高,说明ESCs 发生了EMT ,在此过程中,lncRNA GAS6-AS1、IL -11 mRNA 相对表达量亦明显升高。敲减lncRNA GAS6-AS1的ESCs 经TGF -β1干预后
IL -11、α-SMA 、COL1A1蛋白相对表达量显著下调,说明敲减lncRNA GAS6-AS1可抑制ESCs 向成纤维细胞分化,并能下调IL -11表达。敲减lncRNA GAS6-AS1的ESCs 经TGF -β1干预后,细胞增殖活性显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著升高,说明lncRNA
GAS6-AS1能够促进ESCs 增殖并抑制其凋亡。综上所述,lncRNA GAS6-AS1通过靶向调控
IL -11表达抑制ESCs 向成纤维细胞分化,这为宫腔粘连的防治提供了新的分子靶点。参考文献:
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组别
si -Control + TGF -β1组si -GAS6-AS1-1 + TGF -β1组si -GAS6-AS1-2 + TGF -β1组
IL -11
0.68 ± 0.020.23 ± 0.01*0.42 ± 0.01*
α-SMA
1.54 ± 0.030.86 ± 0.01*0.97 ± 0.02*
COL1A1
1.23 ± 0.060.74 ± 0.06*0.58 ± 0.05*
注:与si -Control + TGF -β1组比较,*
P <0.01。
表3 敲减lncRNA GAS6-AS1的ESCs TGF -β1干预后
细胞增殖活性和细胞凋亡率变化(-x  ± s )
组别
si -Control + TGF -β1组
si -GAS6-AS1-1 + TGF -β1组si -GAS6-AS1-2 + TGF -β1组
细胞增殖活性(OD 450值)
1.00 ± 0.000.69 ± 0.02*0.65 ± 0.08*
细胞凋亡率(%)2.44 ± 0.18
6.92 ± 0.36*6.71 ± 0.28*注:与si -Control + TGF -β1组比较,*P <0.01。
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