第02讲 形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级
【寒假自学课】2023年八年级英语寒假精品课（人教版）
【基础知识】
一、比较级和最高级的构成方法
（一）规则变化
类别 | 构成方法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
单音节词和少数双音节词 | 一般直接加-er, -est | long | longer | longest |
tall | taller | tallest | ||
以不发音字母e结尾时，加-r, -st | late | later | lastest | |
large | larger | largest | ||
以辅音字母加y结尾时，把y变i，再加-er, -est | easy | easier | easiest | |
happy | happier | happiest | ||
以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加-er, -est | big hot | bigger hotter | biggest hottest | |
多音节词和部分双音节词 | 在原级前加more, most | careful beautiful | more careful more beautiful | most careful most beautiful |
(二) 不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well | better | best |
many/much | more | most |
bad/ill | worse | worst |
little | less | least |
far | farther(较远) further(进一步) | farthest（最远） furthest(最大程度) |
old | older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) | oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的) |
二、原级的用法
1、说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原级
2、有表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。
3、原级比较即同级比较，表示两者在某一方面相同时或不同时用原级。具体结构如下：
用法 | 例句 |
A+系动词/动词+as+原级+as+B,（肯定） 意为“A与B一样……”表示相同或相等（即A=B）. | China is almost as big as the US, but it is the biggest country in Asia. |
A+be/动词+not+so/as+原级+as+B （否定） 意为“A不及B那样……”表示不如或不相等（即A≠B）. | I can’t run as fast as my brother. |
A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B 意为“A是B的……倍”（常见倍数：一半half，一倍once，两倍twice，三倍及以上：数字+times）。 | Our school is twice as large as theirs. |
as much/many/……+as，表示前后的数量相同。 | John earns an much money as his brother. |
as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词 意为“像…一样”，此结构可形成许多习惯用于，多用于口语。 | He is as busy as a bee. |
三、比较级的用法
(1)由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。如：It’s even colder today.
(2) 比较级的常见结构有：
A+ be/动词+ 比较级（含more+多音节形容词/副词原级）+than+ B, 表示“A比B…”,即A>B | Sam has longer hair than Tom. |
The +比较级…, the+ 比较级… 表示 “越…,就越…”. | The more books you read, the more widely your mind will open up. |
比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越…”. 注意：若为多音节词的比较级，则用“more and more+形容词原级”表示“越来越…” | Talent shows are getting more and more popular. |
A+be/动词+比较级+than any other+可数名词单数 | He did better in math than any other boy in his class. |
A+be/动词+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B 表示“A不及B…”,即A<b< span=""></b<> | The film was less interesting than the book. |
表示两者之间进行选择时，用句型： Which/Who +be/动词+比较级，A or B? | Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao? |
表示“两者之间较…的一个”时，常用 “the+比较级”of +名词 | He is the thinner of the two. |
表示“几倍于…”时，用“倍数+比较级+than”结构。 | Your room is three times bigger than mine. |
四、最高级的用法
1. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可以不加。
2. 最高级常见结构有：
用法 | 例句 |
A+be/动词+the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围 | He is the tallest of the three boys. Jim writes(the) most carelessly in his class. |
A+be+one of +the+最高级+名词复数 表示“A是…中最…之一”。 | He is one of the best players in the school. |
表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who+be/动词+the+最高级，A，B or C？ | Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou? |
A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+范围” 表示“第几个最…”。 | She is the second tallest girl in our class. |
形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但不能再加the | I got into a fight with my best friend.lisa多高 |
【考点剖析】
考点一： 形容词和副词的原级
1．（2022·北京大兴·八年级期中）My parents often tell us P.E. is as ________ as the other subjects.
A．important B．more important
C．most important D．the most important
2．（2022·广东广州·八年级期中）No one is ________ Mary in the class.
A．so tallest as B．as taller as C．so high as D．so tall as
3．（2022·河北·石家庄市第二十二中学八年级期中）Bob does his homework ________ I.
A．as careful as B．so carefully as C．more careful than D．as carefully as
考点二： 形容词和副词的比较级
4．（2022·江苏南京·八年级期中）— What do you think of the film Home Coming?
— Amazing! You can’t find a ________ one during this National Day holiday.
A．more popular B．less popular C．most popular D．least popular
5．（2022·河北·辛集市辛集镇育红中学八年级期中）The more exercise you take, ________ you will be.
A．healthier B．the healthiest C．the healthier D．the weaker
6．（2022·北京·北师大实验中学八年级期中）________ exercise you take, ________ you will be.
A．The more; the healthier B．The more; more healthy
C．More; healthier D．The most; the healthiest
7．（2022·广东·广州大学附属中学八年级期中）Li Ming speaks Chinese ________ better than me.
A．very B．much C．a lot of D．more
8．（2022·北京房山·八年级期中）—Listen! Who is singing in the next room?
—Lily. She sings much ________ than before.
A．well B．better C．best D．the best
考点三： 形容词和副词的最高级
9．（2022·河北石家庄·八年级期中）Shu-how Lin is now one of ________ basketball players in the NBA．
A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．welcome
10．（2022·江苏南京·八年级期中）Young people today like to watch TV with ________ advertisements.
A．less B．least C．fewer D．fewest
11．（2022·广东·广州大学附属中学八年级期中）Henry won first prize in the school sports game, because he jumped ________ of all.
A．far B．farther C．the farthest D．further
12．（2022·江苏·南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校八年级阶段练习）Lily is a(n) ________ student. She answers the teachers’ questions ________ in her class.
A．active, more actively B．more actively, more active
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