一、形容词和副词比较级规则变化,构成方法:
1)直接在词尾+er。 eg:tall—taller short—shorter
2)以不发音的字母e结尾的词直接在其后+r。eg:nice—nicer large—larger
3)以重读闭音节结尾并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的, 应先双写该辅音字母再+er。
eg:big—bigger hot—hotter fat—fatter
4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先变“y” 为 “i”,再+er。eg:heavy—heavier easy—easier
5)多音节和部分双音节词在其前加more构成比较级。eg:outgoing—more outgoing
beautiful—more beautiful
(2).不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 |
good(好的)well(健康的) | better |
bad(坏的)ill(有病的) | worse |
old(老的) | older/elder |
much/many(多的) | more |
little(少的) | less |
far(远的) | farther/further |
二.比较级基本句型:
1.主语+谓语动词+adj./adv(比较级)+ than+ 对比成分
↘
实义动词+ adv.(比)如:Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.
1)当than前后所使用的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。
eg:Dean is taller than Mike (is).迪安比迈克高。
He works much harder than I (do).他比我工作努力得多。
2) 比较的双方必须是同一类事物:Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)
他的头发比我的短。
He has ____ shorter____ (short) hair than I/me.
His hair is __ shorter ____(short) than ____mine___( I ). (注意比较对象的一致性)
3) 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。
e.g. I am (5 years) older than him.我比他大5岁.
The room is (3 times) as large as that one.这个房间比那个房间大3倍.
2.可用比较级+than any other +名(单),表达最高级的意思 , 比其他任何一个都……
than any other +名(复)
than the other + 名(复)
刘春江比我们班的其他任何一个学生都高。
Liu Chunjiang is taller than any other student in our class.
=Liu Chunjiang is taller than the other students in our class.
= Liu Chunjiang is the tallest student in our class
3.可用“比较级+and+比较级”,表达“越来越”的意思, 表示本身程度的改变,其动词经常使用grow ,get, become ,
The weather is getting warmer and warmer (warm).天气变得越来越暖和
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful (beautiful ). 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
4.可用“the +比较级+(主谓),the +比较级+(主谓)”,表达”越…就越…”。
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.我们相聚在一起越多,我们会越开心。
The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be.
5.可用“ Which/Who is +比较级,A or B? ”, 表达两者间进行选择,“哪一个更…”
Which is more popular (popular) , cola or ice cream?可乐和冰激凌哪个更受欢迎。
6. 可用“the +比较级+of the two…”,表达“两者之间较...的一个”。 (形容词比较级唯一加the的情况)
He is the better (good )of the two. 他是两人中较好的.
He is the fatter (fat )of the two.他是这两个男孩中较胖的。
7. 比较级前可以用程度副词修饰much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot + 比较级
两多(much, a lot) 两少(a little, a bit)
两甚至(even, still) 还有一个远(far)
This book is much more interesting than that one .
This question is a little more difficult than that one.
He is much fatter than me. 他比我更胖一些
注意:very, too, quite, pretty, so, enough+ 原级
He is so angry that he can’t say a word.
He is too angry to say a word.
He is old enough to go to school.
8. 原级的用法:
(1) as+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: 意为“与……一样……”,
(2)否定形式 “not as/so+ adj./adv.(原级+)as” 意为“不如…那样…”
This room is as big as that one.这个房间和那个房间一样大。
This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间比那个房间小。
= This room is smaller than that one.
形容词和副词的最高级
一、形容词和副词最高级规则变化,构成方法:
1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级: 原级、比较级、最高级: badly – worse - worst
2. 最高级:表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。
3.
单音节词和部分双音节词 | 一般在词尾+-est short—shortest 以不发音的e结尾,+-st late—latest | |||
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时 | 先双写辅音字母,再+-est hot—hottest,big—biggest thin—thinnest,fat—fattest | |||
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词 | 先把“y”改为“i”,再+-est funny—funniest, easy—easiest early—earliest | |||
多音节词和部分双音节词 | 在词前加most; beautiful—most beautiful outgoing—most outgoing | |||
原级 | 最高级 | |||
good(好的)well(健康的) | best | |||
bad(坏的)ill(有病的) | worst | |||
old(老的) | oldest/eldest | |||
much/many(多的) | most | |||
little(少的) | least | |||
far(远的) | farthest/furthest | |||
二.最高级基本句型结构
↗ 系动词+ the+形容词最高级 of + 同类 ( of all/us..)
1. 主语 + 谓语动词 + the + adj./adv.(最) +
↘ 实义动词+ (the)+ 副词最高级 in + 范围 (in China./)
如:Tara is the youngest of all.
Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class. (副词最高级前常省略the)
注:
1)副词的最高级前可省略 “the”:如:sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适lisa多高
2)名词所有格或物主代词+最高级 时,不加“the”: Jack is Jim’s best friend.
3. 可用“Which / Who …+the + 最高级…, A, B or C ? ” 表达三者间进行选择,“哪一个最…”
Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges?
4. 可用“one of +the +最高级(形)+名(复)” 表达 “……是……当中最……之一”。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.上海是中国最大城市之一
5. 可用the + 序数词+形容词最高级+名(单)” 表达 “……是第二(三……)……”
The Chongming Island is the third biggest ( big ) island in China 崇明岛是中国第三大岛。
Hainan is the second largest island in China.
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