Unit 3 Getting along with others
Extended reading
内容分析
本板块的语篇改编自17世纪散文家、科学家、哲学家Francis Bacon的散文名篇《论友谊》。全文围绕“亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却注定要经过的道路”这一中心论点份三个层次展开论述:首先,友谊是一种情感上的需要;其次,友谊可以增进人的智慧;再次,友谊可以帮助你完成一些自己无法做到的事情。文章最后,针对如何正确交友给出相关建议。
本文语篇类型为说理散文,结构清晰,论点明确。文中包含大量的说理论证,逻辑性强,语言简约隽永,充满智慧, 有很多的名言警句来反思回味。
教学目标:
By the end of this section, students will be able to:
1. identify the structure of the essay;
2. summarize Bacons ideas on friendship;
3. explain the importance of friendship;
教学重难点:
1. Write a summary of the story.
2.
2. Learn to appreciate the language and understand the hidden meaning of some beautiful sentences.
教学过程:
Step 1 Brainstorming
Why do people need friends?
People need friends because ...
cope with stressful things in life
lisa多高share our worries and secrets in our inner world
share our happiness and inner feelings
we want to enjoy the company
Conclusion: ... plays an important role in ...
... of great importance to
【设计意图:通过学生联系自己的生活实际,产生共鸣,快速引入话题。】
Step 2    Author-introducing
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
He was born in London, a representative of the Renaissance in England. He was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist and author. He laid the foundation of modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge.
He studied at Cambridge and Gray's Inn, entered Parliament, and gradually established his reputation.
At the height of his career, he became Lord Keeper(掌玺大臣) and then Lord Chancellor of England(大法官). He was later accused of taking bribes in office.
His works can be divided into three groups:
Group 1 His philosophical (哲学的) works
  The advancement of Learning (1605) 《崇学论/学术的进步》
  Novum Organum (1620) 《新工具论》
Group 2  His literary works
  Essays  《随笔》(the most famous)
Group 3  His law works
  Maxims of Law 《法学原理》
  The learned reading upon the statute of Uses (1642)  《法律条文的学术解读》
Knowledge is power.
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
读书足以怡情,足以,足以长才。
其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;
其也,最见于高谈阔论之中;
其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。                               
                        ——王佐良译
【设计意图:了解作者及其作品和作品中的经典名句。
Step 3    Listening
Listen and identify the structure of the essay.
Part 1: (para. 1) the ________ of friendship
Part 2: (paras. 2-5) three ________ of friendship
Part 3: (para. 6) advice on _____________
Step 4    Detailed Reading
Suggested answers:  1) Comfort the heart  2) share  3) take on greater meanings 4) trouble  5) Advise the head  6) advise  7) clearer  8) thorough  9) achieve the goals  10) achieved  11) ideas and skills  12) after death
【设计意图:进一步对文章进行文本的理解。
Step 5  Appreciating the sentences
In this essay, many sentences are rich in philosophical significance. Below are some of them.
How to comprehend and appreciate these sentences? Explain them by giving specific examples.
1. More often than not, close friendships will smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. (page 39, lines 5-6)
The writer compares “the life journey” to “a rocky road”, which means in our life there can be some challenges and difficulties ahead. If we have close friends whom we can turn to, they can help us solve these problems and support us to go forward bravely. For example, when we have trouble in dealing with parents and don't know how to communicate with them, we can share our feelings with our close friends and ask them for advice.
2. Here, friendship has a double advantagehappiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! (page 39, lines 13-15)
When we are with our close friends, we share happiness and sorrow together. One’s happiness will bring enjoyment and joyfulness to his or her friend too. However, when meeting with trouble, we comfort, help and support each other, thus handling the problem together. For example, if we have some challenging tasks to fulfill but don't know what to do, close friends can offer us useful advice and suggestions, which can help us complete our challenging tasks successfully.
【设计意图:学会赏析散文,并了解字里行间的真实情感
Step 6  Free talk
How do you know when to be independent and when to ask for the help of friends? Explain and support your opinion.
Suggested expressions:
on one's own
rely on
independent thinking
search/ inspect oneself
benefit from
be responsible for
【设计意图:阅读完散文后的思维发散。
Step 7  Summarizing
Write a summary of the essay. Use the following questions to help you.
What are the three fruits of friendship?
Why are they important?
Tips:
To write a good summary of a text, you should:
circle the main points and key ideas in a text;
express these ideas in your own words;
not include supporting details or background knowledge
not include your personal opinion.
Sample:
Friendship is very important to us. It leads to self-improvement and helps us better walk the path of life. Friendship has three fruits. First, we feel more comfortable when we share our feelings with our true friends, as they will understand us and allow us to express ourselves. Second, friends can help us think more clearly and offer solutions to problems. Third, friends are willing to support us to achieve our goals. However, we should carefully choose friends and develop friendships.
【设计意图:阅读完文章后能够对文章的中心思想进行归纳总结,进行自我输出。
Step   Language Points
【设计意图:掌握文中重点词汇】
1. ..., we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to ...(lines1-2)
2.
wish v.  wish (sb.) to do
        wish for sth.
        wish sb. sth. (常用来表示祝愿)
        wish + (that) + 虚拟语气
    n.   a desire or a feeling that you want to do sth. or have sth.
        a thing that you want to have or to happen 想要的东西
        an attempt to make sth. happen by thinking hard about it  愿望,心愿
        wishes (书信或贺卡中的)祝愿,祝福
I wish you ________________ me all this. 我倒希望你当初别把这一切都告诉我
How I wish that you ______ here. 多么希望你在这儿!
If you wish ________ (go) away for the weekend, our office will be delighted to make hotel reservations.
It's no use ___________ (wish) for the impossible.
祝你们俩旅途愉快!  ______________________________
请向他表达我最好的祝福!______________________________
Suggested answers: you hadnt told; were; to go; wishing; Wish you both a good trip!; Please give him my best wishes!
reflection  n.
  根据上下文猜测reflection的意思
1) He admired his reflection in the mirror.
倒影,影像
2) Your clothes are a reflection of your personality.
反映
3) On reflection, we decided to change our plan.
考虑,(反思)
4) The reflections from the street lamps gave them enough light.
(光,热,声)的反射
reflect  v.
2. However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we don’t always escape into our own world.(lines3-4)
seek v.  (pt, pp sought / sɔːt; sɔt/)
~ (after/for sth): look (for sth); try to find or obtain (sth) 寻; 到或得到(某事物)
seek to do (= try to do )
seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek out  挑选出,物
hide and seek  捉迷藏
seek one's fortune 外出闯荡,寻发财的机会
It's his job to seek _______ the customers.
They came here to seek shelter __ ____ biting winter winds.
They quickly sought ____________ (distance) themselves from the protesters.
She managed to seek help ________ a neighbour.
Suggested answers:out; from; to distance; from
3. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are meant to travel. (lines5-6)
smooth  v. & adj
(phr v)
smooth out:  make sth. smooth 消除(问题), 克服(困难);使平滑
smooth sth. away  轻易地摆脱或消除(尤指问题﹑ 困难等)
We’ll smooth ________ any difficulties when we reach them.
Mama helped Lisa to smooth ______ a sheet on a bed.
a smooth skin                         光滑的
a smooth sea                          平静的
a smooth journey                      顺利的
a smooth landing in an aircraft           平稳的
smooth breathing                       顺畅的
Suggested answers: away; out
4. As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. (lines7-8)
benefit n. & v.
[U] 利益, 实惠, 未来的好处
[U, C] 保险金; 救济金; 抚恤金; 补助金:
  medical/unemployment/sickness benefit(s)
  医疗/失业/疾病补助
[C, esp attrib. 尤作定语] (为慈善而举行的)义演、义赛
a benefit match/performance/concert
义赛/义演/慈善音乐会
benefit  v. (pt, pp -fited; US also -fitted)
benefit sb.          使(某人)受益
benefit from sth.    从……受益
Pupils benefit _______ the opportunity to express their thinking in a helpful atmosphere.
The maximum __________________ available to individuals in The District of Columbia is $1,044 a week through July 31, 2020. (失业补助)
One should be_____________ the society when alive.  (对……有益)
Suggested answers: from; unemployment benefit; beneficial to
5. ... happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved. (lines14-15)
take on 呈现……面貌    eg. take on a new look
meanings of “take on”
take on twenty more workers     雇佣
take on extra work             承担
take on a festive air            呈现
The new style didn't take on, so it was quickly dropped.  流行
6. Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we ... (lines 25-26)
talk over
1) consider; discuss in detail 考虑;讨论
*Come to my office and we will talk it over.
*Jim always talks things over with his parents before he makes an important decision.
2) cause sb. to change his opinion; convince by talking
说服(某人)改变立场;说明
*He is very good at talking opponents over to his viewpoint.
Sentence Structure
1. they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves.  (lines 8-9)
当英语句子中出现多个谓语动词时,往往用and将它们连接起来,产生并列谓语,其中and往往放在最后一个并列谓语前。
1) On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______ some bananas and visited her cousin. 
2)
A. bought      B. buying     C. to buy      D. buy 
3) The policeman put down the phone, ______ with a smile on his face, and went out of the phone box.
4)
      A. satisfying             B. satisfied 
      C. to be satisfied        D. having satisfied
3) As the years went by, she worked in many places, always _______ (improve) her position and gradually ________ (get) more and more experience.
4) Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _____ the girl and took her away, ______ into the woods. 
5)
    A. seizing; disappeared      B. seized; disappeared 
    C. seizing; disappearing      D. seized; disappearing
Suggested answers: A;  B;  improving, getting;  D
2.
1) We often find it easier to recognize other people's weakness than our own. (lines 20-21)
it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。 easier是形容词作宾补
2) Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. (lines 34-35)
it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。
Supplementary phrases of the article
1. 通向,导致                    1. lead to
2. 注定要做某事                  2. be meant to do
3. 与……共享                    3. share with
4. 分担的麻烦                    4. a trouble shared
5. 减半的麻烦                    5. a trouble halved
6. 由……产生                    6. result from
7. 最大程度的,最大限度的        7. in full measure
8. 出于好心的,善意的            8. well-meaning
9. 片面的                        9. one-sided
10. 把想法付诸于语言            10. put thoughts into words
11. 指出                        11. point out
Step 9    Homework