小学英语笔记
一.英语国际音标
元音音素:(20个)
单元音:/ɑ:/ / ʌ//ɔ:/ /ɒ/ / ɜ://ə//i:/ /ɪ//u:/ /u/ /e// æ /
双元音:/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ//ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/
辅音音素:(28个)
轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/
轻辅音 /ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/
浊辅音 /ʒ/ / r/ /dz/ /dlisa多高ʒ/ /dr/
鼻音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
半元音 / j/ / w/
边音 / ǀ/
同音词:
sun 太阳son 儿子 | aunt 阿姨aren’t不是 | right对的write写 |
meet遇见meat肉 | pair对pear梨 | for 为 four 四 |
be 是bee蜜蜂 | hi喂high 高的 | here 这里hear听 |
see 海洋see看见 | I 我eye眼睛 | know 知道no 不 |
our 我们的hour 小时 | father父亲farther更远的 | week 星期 weak弱 |
there那边their她们的 | too也two二to到 | by 乘bye 再见buy买 |
1.名词加复数的变化规则:
1)一般名词后加“s”: book—books
2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加es:bus-buses,box-boxes ,watch-watches
3)以“o”结尾的名词:
①有生命的加“es” potato—potatoes 土豆,tomato—tomatoes西红柿,hippo—hippoes河马,hero—heroes 英雄,,mango—mangoes 芒果
②无生命的加“s”:photo—photos 相片, radio—radios收音机,zoo—zoos 动物园
4)以“y”结尾的名词:
1元音字母+y 直接加“s”:boy-boys
2辅音字母+y,去掉y,再加ies:family-families,city-cities
5)以f/fe结尾的名词,去掉f/fe,再加ves:knife—knives,leaf—leaves叶子
特殊的:
•一加,二改,三不变
•一加:children oxen
•二改: foot-feet tooth-teeth woman-women man-men
•三不变:sheep, deer, people, Chinese, Japanese
2.不可数名词(不能在名词后面直接加“s”)
bread tea rice milk chicken coffee orange pork porridge paper glue juice sugar tofu
a piece of bread ,a cup of tea
有些名词以复数形式
clothes ,chopsticks ,trousers ,jeans ,pants ,scissors
(be动词要用复数形式are)
3.名词所有格
1.表示有生命所有格的+’s:Tom’s bag ,mother’s friend
2.复数的在后面直接加’s:boys’bags ,Teachers’Day
3.表示两者分别有:Lucy’s and Lily’s bags
表示两者共有:Lucy and Lily’s bag (名词单数)
4.无生命的用“of”连接:a map of China 一幅中国的地图
2动词第三称单数形式的变化规则:
1)一般动词后加“s”,get-gets,look-looks
2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词后加“es”,guess—guesses ,watch—watches,wash—washes
3)以“o”结尾的动词加“es”,do—does,go—goes
4)以“y”结尾的动词
1元音字母+y,直接加“s”:play—plays
2辅音+y,去掉y,再加“ies”:fly—flies
5)have第三人称单数:has
3现在分词的变化规则(即动词+ing)
1)一般动词后+ing: listen—listening
2)以不发音e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加ing: make—making ,come—coming ,practice—practicing
特殊:see—seeing,be—being
3)重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,再加ing: run—running,get—getting ,put—putting ,swim—swimming ,sit—sitting,cut—cutting,stop—stopping ,shop—shopping, begin—beginning ,forget—forgetting
4动词过式的变化规则:
1)一般动词后加ed :walk—walked, help—helped
2)以e结尾直接加d: use—used,live—lived
3)以y结尾的动词:
i.元音字母,直接+ed,play—played
ii.辅音字母+y,去掉y,再加ied,carry—carried
4)重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,再加ed.
stop—stopped,shop—shopped,drop—dropped,clap—clapped
动词过去式不规则形式:
am/is—was,are—were,do/does—did,have/has—had,
go—went,write—wrote,come—came,see—saw,ride—rode,
drink—drank,eat—ate,sing—sang,sit—sat,say—said,
break—broke,get—got,forget—forgot,run—ran,swim—swam,
sweep—swept,fall—fell,take—took,feel—felt,make—made,
send—sent,buy—bought,bring—brought,find—found,fly—flewtell—told,teach—taught,catch—caught,draw—drew,
give—gave,meet—met,know—knew,lose—lost,smell—smelt,
sleep—slept,begin—began,think—thought,hold—held
动词与动词过去式一样
cut—cut,put—put ,read—read,let—let,hurt—hurt,
三.数词
基数词 序数词 缩写形式
one first 1st
two second 2nd
three third 3rd
four fourth 4th
five fifth 5th
six sixth 6th
seven seventh 7th
eight eighth 8th
nine ninth 9th
ten tenth 10th
eleven eleventh 11th
twelve twelfth 12th
twenty twentieth 20th
twenty-one twenty-first 21st
百位数:用and连接(百位与十位)
101:a hundred and one
112: one hundred and twelve
千位数:千-百-(and)-十位-个位
1235:one thousand two hundred and thirty-five
1.基数词变序数词的顺口溜
基变序,有规律,词尾加上th ;一,二,三特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d;八减t,,九减e,f来把ve替,单词ty结尾,ty变成tie,若是碰到几十几,只变个位就可以。
2.时间表达方法:
a half 一半 a quarter 十五分
past和to表示“几点几分”的用法:
A:分钟数在30分钟内: 分钟数+past+钟点数,表示“几点过几分”
如:9:20=twenty past nine
B:分钟数超过30分钟:(60-分钟数)+to +(下一个钟点数)。
表示“差几分几点”
如: 9:50(差10分10点):ten to ten
3.年月日两种表达方法
2021,1,10 January (the) 10th,2021
the tenth of January ,2021
四.冠词
•A. a B. an C. the D . / (零冠词)
• a/an 不定冠词 , 表泛指 + 可数名词单数
A. a + 辅音音素 a book a table a useful book / ju:/
B: an + 元音音素 (元音:a e i o u /ju:/
an umbrella /ʌ/ an hour /au/ an honest boy /ɔ/ 一个诚实的男孩
There is a ” U” in the world useful .
There is an “F” in the world farmer .
an a / e / i / o / f / h / l / m / n / r / s / x
C: 定冠词 the
1.表特指 The man in red is my teacher .
2.名词第二次出现 This is an English book .The book is mine .
3.乐器类名词前 play the piano play the violin
4.形容词最高级前 the tallest boy
5.序数词前 the first 第一 the second 第二 the third 第三
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