Exercises of Nanotechnology
1. Gave definitions for the following terms in English (5 items, 15%).
(1) 纳米技术Nanotechnology;Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of nanomaterials with at least one dimension that measures between approximately 1 and 100 nm, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.
(2) 团簇Nanocluster;
(3) 纳米晶Nanocrystal;
(4) 纳米材料Nanocrystalline materials;Nanocrystalline (or Nanostructured) materials, with a grain size of typically < 100 nm, are a new class of materials with properties vastly different from and often superior to those of the conventional coarse-grained materials.
(5) 纳米颗粒Nanoparticle;
(6) 非平衡晶界Nonequilibrium grain boundary;there are more dislocations trapped at and
near nonequilibrium subgrain/grain boundaries than required to geometrically accommodate the misorientations across the boundaries. These extrinsic dislocations bring extra energy to the grain boundary, making it a nonequilibrium grain boundary.
(7)界面组件 Interfacial component;
2021年教师资格证报名和考试时间(8) 纳米Nanometer;a nanometer is one billionth of a meter and is the unit of length that is generally most appropriate for describing the size of single molecule
(9) 扫描隧道显微镜中国移动积分兑换话费Scanning tunnel microscopy;
(10) Bottom-up approach;Two complementary approaches have been developed for synthesizing nanostructured materials. The first is the “bottom-up” approach, in which nanostructured materials are assembled from individual atoms or from nanoscale building blocks such as nanoparticles.
(11) Top-down approach; The second is the “top-down” approach, in which existing coarse-grained materials are processed to produce substantial grain refinement and nan
ostructure.
(12) 好听的钢琴曲推荐量子点暑假生活总结Quantum dot;
(13)同素异形体 allotrope;
(14) 富勒烯fullerenes;
(15) 纳米管nanotubes;
(16) 自组装纳米管self-assembly;
(17) 纳米材料nanometals;
(18) 纳米复合材料nanocomposites;
(19)光子晶体。 photonic crystals.
2. Briefly answer the following questions in English (5 questions, 20%).
(1) Introduce yourself in English.
My name is li kai near. I was born on August 8, 1992. I am 21 years old. There are 4 people in my family, including my father, my mother, my sister, and me. My favorite person is Kobe Bryant because of his skill in basketball. My favorite song is “Memory”. Pizza is my favorite food. I like to watch TV and play basketball in free time. In the future, I want to be an engineer.At the university, i participated in activities at school，and made many good friends. this experience leaves me a good memory and gives a chance to grown-up. Also, i realize how to be a responsible and passionate man.
(2) Why is there interest in nanotechnology? 为什么有兴趣在纳米技术？
(3) In your opinion, what is the most important development in the history of modern nanotechnology? Why?
在你看来，在现代纳米技术的历史发展中最重要的是什么？为什么呢？狼吞虎咽的近义词
(4) Describe one application (or potential application) of nanotechnology and its possible effects on society.
描述一个应用程序（或潜在的应用）纳米技术及其对社会的影响。
(5)Why are properties of nanoscale objects sometimes different than those of the same materials at the bulk scale? Make a list of some properties of things that we would like on a macroscale. List the effect of doing this on a nanoscale.
为什么有时候不同的纳米级物体的比相同的材料在散装规模性质？列出的一些性质，我们希望在一个宏观的。清单对纳米这样做的效果。
(6) How can we imagine the nanoscale? How small is a nanometer, compared with a hair, a blood cell, a virus, or an atom etc.?
(7) Describe one fabrication ways (ECAP, HPT, ARB, SMAT, ball milling, sol-gel, CVD, IGC, sputtering and electrodeposition etc.) of nanotechnology.
钢材生意描述一种制备方法（ECAP，HPT，ARB，SMAT，球磨，溶胶-凝胶法，化学气相沉积，IGC，溅射和电镀等）的纳米技术。
Electrodeposition (Fig.3.11) has traditionally been used as a coating process, although recently it has also been used to form bulk nanocrystalline materials. This process is capable of producing a nanocrystalline material with grain sizes down to 5 nm. The factors affecting the resulting grain sizes include pH, temperature, current density, and type of current among others. The process can be carried out at room temperature and the time of fabrication is of course dependent on the size of the material to be produced. For example, as one would expect, larger materials take longer, but compared to other deposition processes, electrodeposition is capable of rapid deposition. Moreover, electrodeposition is a less expensive process that can be used for large-scale production.
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