2023届高考英语语法精讲：定语从句先行词与关
系词的用法
一、none of them还是none of which
有这样一道题:
He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into a foreign language.
A. them
B. which
C. it
D. what
同学们看了上面一题的分析后，也许会毫不犹豫地认为此题应选 B，理由是none前没有并列连词 and 或 but，其实这次又错了。此题的最佳选项应是A，注意此句与上面一句有着本质的不同，即此句的 translated 不是谓语，而是一个非谓语动词（过去分词），所以逗号后面其实不是一个完整的句子，而
是一个独立结构。假若
在 translated 前加一个助动词 was，则此题应选 B(which)，构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心，千万不要想当然，更不要受定势思维的影响。又如：
(1) I met several people there, two of ______ were foreigners.
A. whom
B. them
C. who
D. which
(2) I met several people there, two of ______ being foreigners.
A. whom
B. them
C. who
D. which
第(1)题选A，two of whom were foreigners 为非限制性定语从句；第(2)题选B，two of them being foreigners 不是一个完整的句子，因为句子没有谓语，而只有非谓语动词 being。
二、it, that还是which
请看这道题：
2013百想艺术大赏Jim is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. which
此题容易误选 A，因为 that’s why …是一个常用表达，同学们极易受此影响而选错，当然若此句的空格前有连词 and 或其前的逗号改为分号，则完全可选that（分别构成并列句和两个独立的简单句）。
此题的最佳答案是 D，句子后半部分为一个非限制性定语从句，which 指 He is always really rude. 另外请比较以下两题（注意连词的有无）：
(1) He had a lot of friends, none of ______ could lend him any money.
A. whom朱晶晶是谁推下去的
B. them
C. which
D. who
(2) He had a lot of friends, but none of ______ could lend him any money.
A. whom信乐团的阿信
B. them
C. which
D. who
第(1)题选A，none of whom could …为非限制性定语从句；第(2)题选B，由于句中有并列连词 but，整个句子为并列句。
三、it is known to sb与as is known to sb的区别
有这样一道语法选择题：
_____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
此题很容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语，况且 It is (well) known to …也是一个常用句型，读起来也很上口，但是选A错了。同学们仔细想想看，假若选 A，空格处填一个形式主语(it)，那么其后就应有一个真正的主语，但事实上没有。但是若句中的逗号改
成 that，则只能选 A，因为这样一来，that 便成为一个引导主语从句的引导词。此题的最佳答案是 B，as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，可置于主句前(常译为“正如”)或主句后(常译为“这一点”)，句意为“正如大家所知，月球每月绕地球转一周”。
四、引导从句时用its与whose的区别
请下面这道题，逗号后面为什么用its而不用whose？
Not far from the school there was a garden, _____ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its
B. whose
C. which
D. that
有点舍不得杨幂
此题很容易误选B，许多同学想当然地认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名
词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，
原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为它没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词（seated 和 playing），但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学会问，其中的 seated 不可用作谓语动词吗？不能。因为seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若
将 seated 改为 sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。请再看一个类似的例子：
(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
第(1)题应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第(2)题应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。再请看下面一例：
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。
请做做以下三题：
(1) There I met several people, two of _____ being foreigners.
A. which
B. them
C. whom
D. that
(2) There I met several people, two of _____ were foreigners.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
粉面含春威不露描写的是谁
D. that
(3) There I met several people, and two of _____ were foreigners.
A. which
B. them
C. whom
D. that
杨幂冯绍峰主演的电视剧(答案均为B)
that / those 用作先行词时定语从句用什么引导
1.that用作先行词时定语从句用什么引导
that后接定语从句时，通常用关系代词which来引导。如:
L have that which you gave me.我有你给我的那个
That which many people say is not always true.很多人说的并不表示一定是真的。
注: that which是一个比较正式的用法，在通常情况下会用what 代替。
如:What many people say is not always true.很多人说的并不表示一定是真的。另外注意，that后可接定语从句，但this后习惯上不接定语从句。
2.those用作先行词时定语从句用什么引导