2014 年辽宁高考英语试题
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）.
Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. In the first
experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers’ report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
21. More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can .
A. write more notes
B. digest concepts better
C. get higher scores
D. understand lectures better
22. While taking notes, laptop users tend to be .
A. skillful
B. mindless
C. thoughtful
D. tireless
23. The author of the passage aims to .
A. examine the importance of long-term memory
B. stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C. explain the process of taking notes
荷花欧克瑟D. promote the use of laptops陈乔恩家庭背景
24. The passage is likely to appear in .
A. a newspaper advertisement
B. a computer textbook
C. a science magazine
D. a finance report
【考点】考察科普知识类阅读
电脑。
21.【答案】A
【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第二段第一句Students are increasingly using laptops for
note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）.可知学生越来越多使用电脑记笔记是因为速度和清晰度。也就是说使用笔记本电脑记笔记速度更快，可以记录更多的内容。故A 正确。
22. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. 研究人们做实验是为了发现使用笔记本电脑记笔记是否会
让人处于一种无意识的状态之中，只是机械地输入。而实验结果说明用笔记本记录的学生表现不如使用钢笔记录的人。说明使用笔记本记录的确会让人有mindless的感觉。故B正确。
23. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.可知手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，也就说本文强调我们需要进行手动记笔记，而不是使用电脑。故B正确。
24. 【答案】C
【试题解析】推理题。本文通过讲述一个实验结论告诉我们手动记笔记对于短期长期记忆都有好处，学生的表现比使用电脑记笔记更好。不会是广告，电脑教科书也不会是金融报告，这属于教学类的科学研究。故C正确。
【长难句解析】
1.A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops。
【翻译】一项新的研究显示上课时手动写笔记的学生在考试中要比使用笔记本电脑的学生表现更好。电脑经常死机怎么办
【分析】本句中动词show后面宾语从句的引导词that被省略了，这个宾语从句中含有定语从句who write notes by hand during lectures修饰students；另外一个定语从句who use laptops 修饰those。
2.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
【翻译】这两个使用都说明手动写笔记不仅对于即时学习和理解有好处，而且会导致未来的表现更好。
【分析】本句中的动词suggest表示“说明，暗示”，并不是“建议”；另外句中的宾语从句that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.较长，谓语部分是有not only…but also…连接。
B
(Q = Question; A = Answer)
Situation I
Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?
A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren’t the first person he’s met
who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.
Situation II
Q: If 1 use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?
A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, you don’t have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you arc a customer, and you should act like one.
Situation III
有什么Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nicc way to ask him to keep it down?
A: No. Try other means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion（动作）and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.
Situation IV
Q: If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?
A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well. I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”
Situation V
Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was loo busy or lazy to respond to it?
A: Don’t lie. Receiving a text doe s not mean you need to respond(回复) to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes,” you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you don’t respond.
25. You will get annoyed in a theater when .
A. a person is too active
B. a person is too rude to you
C. a person talks too loudly
D. a person sits too close to you
26. How will you quiet someone down in a public place?
A. By making fun of him continuously.
B. By looking purposefully at him.
C. By talking to him directly.
D. By pointing angrily at him.
27. The underlined word “belated” in Situation IV probably means .
A. prcdictcd
B. returned
C. cancelled
D. delayed
28. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Modern ways to mind your manners.
B. Different ways to change others’ manners.
C. Proper manners to offer help to others.
D. Good manners to talk to people.
【考点】考察教育类阅读
【文章大意】本文中列举了在5种不同的情况下，如何表现得有礼貌的方法。
25. 【答案】D
【试题解析】推理题。根据Situation I中的Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close
sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you。可知在电影院里，如果有人坐得理你太近，这也许会是一件让人恼怒的事情。故D正确。
26. 【答案】B
【试题解析】细节题。根据Situation III中的Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down 可知如果一个人讲话声音太大，你可以瞪着他看，直到他意识到为止。故B正确。
27. 【答案】D
【试题解析】猜测词义题。根据Situation IV中If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late, 和This is the reason why the word belated was invented.可知这是在你忘记了对方的生日之后的
补救措施。故该词应该是指“delayed”迟到的，晚来的。故D正确。
虹鳟鱼和三文鱼的区别28. 【答案】A
【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文中列举了在5种不同的情况下，如何表现得有礼貌的方法。故A正确。
【长难句解析】
Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance.【翻译】很有可能那个坐得较为靠近的人并没有意识到你打扰到你了，所以他可能没有注意到你生气了。
【分析】本句中有一个固定句式chances are that…很可能…；另外动词realize后面含有一个宾语从句he disturbs you。
C
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen（氮）and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌）networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons （神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
“We didn’t take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
29. The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees .
A. compete for survival
B. protect their own wealth
C. depend on each other
D. provide support for dying trees
30. “Mother trees” are extremely important because they .
A. look the largest in size in the forest
B. pass on nutrition to young trees
C. seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D. know more about the complex “tree societies”
31. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to.
A. how “tree societies” work
B. how trees grow old
C. how forestry industry develops
D. how young trees survive
32. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C. Trees Are More Awesome Thart You Think
D. Trees Contribute To Our Society
【考点】考察科普知识类阅读
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了森立的树木会通过“tree societies”把自己的财富交给下一代。并详细说明了这一发现的具体内容。
29. 【答案】C
【试题解析】推理题。根据本句Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: 可知达尔文认为树是相互竞争以获得生存。但是Simard的实验发现达尔文是错误的。实际上：与达尔文的理论相反的观点是正确的。也就是说树不是竞争生存，而是考相互合作，相互依靠生存下来的。故C正确。
30. 【答案】B
【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第四段Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.可知“mother trees”通常都是其他的树依赖的大树，它承担这向小树输送养料的作用。ACD三项都是片面的理解。故B正确。
31. 【答案】A
【试题解析】推理题。根据第四段最后三行和最后一段第一行When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
“We didn’t take any notice of it.”当人们意识不到这种复杂的“tree societies”情况下砍倒了mother trees，我们就减少了整个森林幸存的机会。最后一段第一句中的it就是指complex “tree societies”。故A正确。
32. 【答案】C
【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?可知树和动物一样，能够把自己的财富交个下一代。这比人们原来的看法完全不一样，树比我们认为地更聪明。故C正确。
【长难句解析】
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. 【翻译】UBC的教授Simard树木要比我我们很多人想象得还要复杂。
【分析】本节中的动词explain后面含有一个how引导的宾语从句how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.这个从句中有一个比较从句most of us ever imagined。
D
Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees（雇员）and profits (利润) of over $2 million p er year. He’s never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter,” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt yo u. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”
Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee’s occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions（情绪）. Most importantly, it taught him willpower.
At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person s success.
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren’t working hard—but that’s because they’ve made it automatic,” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”
The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers’ lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.
33. We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must .
A. learn to give lectures
B. attend education programs
C. design a working uniform
D. develop a common hobby
34. Willpower will become a habit when employees can .
A. focus on the profits
B. benefit from the job
C. protect themselves well
D. control their feelings well
35. What can we infer from the passage?
A. G&G has grown into a large company.
B. G&G will spend half its profits training employees.
C. G&G may become more successful in the future.
D. G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.
【考点】考察文化教育类阅读【文章大意】本文通过G&G的培训课程告诉我们人的意志力是我们是否能够取得成功的关键。
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