定语从句
This is Xiao Wang.这是小王。
Xiao Wang gave us a talk yesterday.小王昨天给我们做了个报告。
我们可以将这两个句子合并为:
This is Xiao Wang who(that)gave us a talk yesterday.
(先行词) (定语从句)
定语从句中的who(that)是关系代词,在这个句子中作主语。因为先行词是人,须用who或that引导定语从句。在翻译时who不必译为“谁”,应译为“……的”。引导定语从句的关系代词,一是放在先行词与定语从句之间引导定语从句;二是在定语从句中充当一定成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which
引导定语从句的关系副词有:where,when,why
李智雅整容一、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。这三个代词指人,它们引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。
1.who在从句中作主语。如:
This is the doctor who came here yesterday.这就是昨天来的医生。
2.whom在从句中作宾语,可以省略。如:
The man(whom)you saw last week has left the town.上周你看见的那个人已离开城镇了。
注意:在从句中作介词宾语时,介词一般可放在whom之前,也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。如:
a.The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.→The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.我借书的那个男人是李雷。(前句whom不可省,后句中whom可省)许慧欣的妹妹
b.The girl whom he is taking care of is ill常春晓.(take care of是固定词组)他正在照看的女孩病了。
3.whose爵迹临界天下评价在从句中作定语。如:
I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.我认识的那个妇女,她的丈夫是个医生。
二、that,which引导的定语从句。这两个代词指物,它们引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物。(注:that也可指人。)
1.that在从句中可作主语、宾语。如:
人民币战士The man that(who)is standing by the door is her brother.正站在门旁的那个男人是她的哥哥。
但作介词宾语时,介词不能放在that前面。如:
Is this the film that you talked about last week?(about不能放在that之前)这就是你们上周谈论的电影吗?
2.which在从句中作主语、宾语。如:
a.The room which you can see by the river is a reading-room.我们在河边看到的房间是阅览室。
b.The house which he once lived in is a meeting-room.→The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room.他曾经住过的房子是会议室。
三、关系副词where,when,why引导的定语从句在从句中作状语。
1.where表示地点,它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。如:
This is the place where he was born.这就是他出生的地方。
2.when表示时间,它引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。如:
I met him in the year when I worked in Nanjing.我在南京工作的那年遇见了他。
3.why表示原因,它引导的定语从句修饰表原因的先行词。如:
The reason why he didn't come yesterday is quite clear.他昨天没来的原因很清楚了。
你对定语从句了如指掌了吗?请做下面的练习:
请用关系代词或关系副词填空:
1.Who is the man is playing football on the playground?
2.She didn't find the book was on the desk.
Keys:
1.that 2.that(which)
定语从句“三步曲”
到目前为止,同学们已经学习了宾语从句、状语从句等。但在英语阅读、写作以及各类考试中,我们几乎离不开另一个重点语法项目,那就是定语从句。既然如此,那么初学定语从句应搞清哪些东西呢?咱们还是一道来看看定语从句“三步曲”:
第一曲弄清定语从句的基本概念
在复合句(包括主句和从句)中,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后。例如:
This is the building that we built last year.这就是我们去年建的楼房。
The man who is talking with a group of students is our class teacher.正在和一学生谈话的那个人是我们的班主任。
第二曲弄清定语从句的先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。例如:
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的。
You must do everything that I do.你必须做我所做的一切。
其中man和everything均为先行词,分别受到其后的定语从句who lives next to us和 that I do的修饰。
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