大学英语四级-133
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、Section A (总题数：1，分数：30.00)
The ability to see words on either side of the point at which your eyes focus is called peripheral vision (外围视觉). Foreign students of English often feel that it is impossible to recognize so many words at a single 1 or within a short time. It is difficult for many 2 speakers too, but it can be done. It is something that has to be done if you are to read as 3 as you should. You can increase your peripheral vision by eye exercises.
Equally important is the importance of moving your eyes from point to point in a uniform rhythm. Slow reading often 4 from regression, the number of times your eyes have to go back. While practising to increase your peripheral vision and uniform rhythm, you may 5 have to reread. Do not get 6 . A smooth, forward rhythm comes with practice. 7 your speed
Equally important is the importance of moving your eyes from point to point in a uniform rhythm. Slow reading often 4 from regression, the number of times your eyes have to go back. While practising to increase your peripheral vision and uniform rhythm, you may 5 have to reread. Do not get 6 . A smooth, forward rhythm comes with practice. 7 your speed
will get to the point where your eyes move comfortably forward without regression.
A final 8 of slow reading is forming the sounds of each word, even though you might not speak them aloud. The 王晶三级作品9 American native speaks English at 180 to 200 words a minute. If you read each word in 10 , it is impossible to read faster than this. Reading 200 words a minute is a dangerously slow speed.
A. average B. eventually C. results D. column
E. discouraged F. rapidly G. subsequent It. glance
江映蓉火I. mind J. scratched K. process L. native
M. occasionally N. cause O. offends（分数：30.00）
A final 8 of slow reading is forming the sounds of each word, even though you might not speak them aloud. The 王晶三级作品9 American native speaks English at 180 to 200 words a minute. If you read each word in 10 , it is impossible to read faster than this. Reading 200 words a minute is a dangerously slow speed.
A. average B. eventually C. results D. column
E. discouraged F. rapidly G. subsequent It. glance
江映蓉火I. mind J. scratched K. process L. native
M. occasionally N. cause O. offends（分数：30.00）
解析：H[解析] 此处应该是名词，可与介词at搭配。根据上文impossible to recognize so many words及与其并列的within a short time，可以推断该名词表示的是很短的时间，因此glance为正确答案。at a glance意为“瞥一眼”。
解析：L[解析] 此处需要的是形容词。根据上文foreign students及本句中的too等词，可以推断本句讨论的是说母语的人，即native speakers。
解析：F[解析] 此处应该是副词，作状语修饰动词read。根据上文说到的阅读习惯，可以推断此处讨论的是如何才能快速阅读，因此rapidly是正确答案。
解析：C[解析] 此处应该是第三人称单数动词，与from搭配构成该句的谓语。该句提到的是阅读速度慢与回看之间的关系，由此可推断该动词应为results。result from意为“由……严生”。
解析：M[解析] 此处应该是副词，修饰have to reread。结合上文语义，可知该词应表明需要重新阅读的频率，只有occasionally适合。
解析：E[解析] 此处应该是形容词或动词的过去分词，作get的表语。根据上一句中的reread及下一句，可以推断作者建议人们不要泄气或沮丧，该词应该表消极意义，因此答案是discouraged。
解析：B[解析] 此处应为副词，作该句的状语。从上文来看，本段讨论了如何才能加快阅读速度，该句是一个总结，缺了的副词应是一个表总结的副词，只有eventually适合。
解析：N[解析] 此处应为名词。该句是第3段的主题句，final一词表明这一段与前两段并列，
分析的都是造成阅读速度缓慢的原因，即cause。
解析：A[解析] 此处应为形容词。表明普通的美国本土人说话的速度，因此只有average最合适。
解析：I[解析] 此处应该是名词，作介词in的宾语。根据前文even though you might not speak them aloud，可以推断该句指在心里读出每个单词，因此答案为mind。
三、Section B (总题数：1，分数：30.00)
创联教育 路行GPS
A The Global Positioning System is a space-based triangulation system using satellites and computers to measure positions anywhere on earth. It is first and foremost a defense system developed by the United States Department of Defense, and is referred to as the "Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System" or NAVSTAR GPS. The uniqueness of this navigational system is that it avoids the limitations of other land-b
ased systems such as limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage, and the limited accuracies of other related navigational instruments. The high accuracies obtainable with the Global Positioning System also make it a precision survey instrument. GPS Components: the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the User Segment.
B The Space Segment of the system consists of the GPS satellites. These space vehicles (SVs) send radio signals from space. The GPS Operational Constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. There are often more than 24 operational satellites as new ones are launched to replace older satellites. The satellite orbits repeat almost the same ground track (as the earth turns beneath them) once each day. The orbit altitude is such that the satellites repeat the same track and area over any point approximately each 24 hours (4 minutes earlier each day). There are six orbital planes (with four SVs in each), equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and inclined at about fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial (赤道的) plane. This constellation provides the user with between five and eight SVs visible from any point on the earth.
C The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations located around the worl
B The Space Segment of the system consists of the GPS satellites. These space vehicles (SVs) send radio signals from space. The GPS Operational Constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. There are often more than 24 operational satellites as new ones are launched to replace older satellites. The satellite orbits repeat almost the same ground track (as the earth turns beneath them) once each day. The orbit altitude is such that the satellites repeat the same track and area over any point approximately each 24 hours (4 minutes earlier each day). There are six orbital planes (with four SVs in each), equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and inclined at about fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial (赤道的) plane. This constellation provides the user with between five and eight SVs visible from any point on the earth.
C The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations located around the worl
d. The Master Control facility is located at Schriever Air Force Base (formerly Falcon AFB) in Colorado. These monitor stations measure signals from the SVs which are incorporated into orbital models for each satellites. The models compute precise orbital data and SV clock corrections for each satellite. The Master Control station uploads orbital data and clock data to the SVs. The SVs then send subsets of the orbital ephemeris (星历表) data to GPS receivers over radio signals.
D The GPS User Segment consists of the GPS receivers and the user community. GPS receivers change SV signals into position, speed, and time estimates. Four satellites are required to compute the four dimensions of X, Y, Z (position) and Time. GPS receivers are used for navigation, positioning, time distribution, and other research. Navigation in three dimensions is the primary function of GPS. Navigation receivers are made for aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, and for hand carrying by individuals. Precise positioning is possible using GPS receivers at reference locations providing corrections and relative positioning data for remote receivers. Surveying, geodetic control, and plate tectonic studies are examples.
D The GPS User Segment consists of the GPS receivers and the user community. GPS receivers change SV signals into position, speed, and time estimates. Four satellites are required to compute the four dimensions of X, Y, Z (position) and Time. GPS receivers are used for navigation, positioning, time distribution, and other research. Navigation in three dimensions is the primary function of GPS. Navigation receivers are made for aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, and for hand carrying by individuals. Precise positioning is possible using GPS receivers at reference locations providing corrections and relative positioning data for remote receivers. Surveying, geodetic control, and plate tectonic studies are examples.
E Time and frequency distribution, based on the precise clocks on board the SVs and controlled by the monitor stations, is another use for GPS. Astronomical observatories, telecommunications facilities, and laboratory standards can be set to precise time signals or controlled to accurate frequencies by special purpose GPS receivers. Research projects have used GPS signals to measure atmospheric parameters.
哈妮克孜被弄进医院F At present the system consists of 24 satellites at an altitude of about 20,000 km having an orbital inclination of 55 degrees. The orbits are almost circular and it takes 12 hours for a satellite to complete a pass around the Earth. GPS signals are broadcast from a cluster of 24 or more earth orbiting satellites. Because the GPS signals are derived from the atomic frequency standards on board each satellite, they are widely used as a reference for time synchronization and frequency adjustment. The real time positioning accuracy of a single receiver is normally up to 100 meters horizontally and 150 meters vertically. However, various methods have been developed which enable much higher accuracy (centimeter level).
G There are a variety of different types of GPS receivers on the market for commercial an
哈妮克孜被弄进医院F At present the system consists of 24 satellites at an altitude of about 20,000 km having an orbital inclination of 55 degrees. The orbits are almost circular and it takes 12 hours for a satellite to complete a pass around the Earth. GPS signals are broadcast from a cluster of 24 or more earth orbiting satellites. Because the GPS signals are derived from the atomic frequency standards on board each satellite, they are widely used as a reference for time synchronization and frequency adjustment. The real time positioning accuracy of a single receiver is normally up to 100 meters horizontally and 150 meters vertically. However, various methods have been developed which enable much higher accuracy (centimeter level).
G There are a variety of different types of GPS receivers on the market for commercial an
d public use. Prices range from $500 to $30,000, reflecting the accuracy and capabilities of the instruments. For the general outdoorsman, a good GPS receiver should have 8 satellite tracking capability and be capable of receiving the GPS satellite signals through forest covering in northern Ontario shield area; for the professional user, a minimum 8 satellite tracking capability, high memory capacity, differential GPS capability, and resistance to signal weakening under forest covering is essential; for the professional surveyor requiring high level precision and accuracy capability, they should assess the project or application for which the technology is to be used with the help of an unbiased consultant, in order to determine the most cost effective and appropriate instrument.
赌王为什么不善待原配的子女H Small hand held navigational units at relatively low cost allow boaters and hikers to know their position within a few hundred meters. This accuracy is sufficient for recreational use. A hand held or similar mapping unit at mid-range price that is linked to a fixed broadcast base station. These units allow utility companies, municipalities and others to locate various items (telephone poles, waterlines, valves) with a positional tolerance of several meters. This is suitable for some Geographical Information Systems
赌王为什么不善待原配的子女H Small hand held navigational units at relatively low cost allow boaters and hikers to know their position within a few hundred meters. This accuracy is sufficient for recreational use. A hand held or similar mapping unit at mid-range price that is linked to a fixed broadcast base station. These units allow utility companies, municipalities and others to locate various items (telephone poles, waterlines, valves) with a positional tolerance of several meters. This is suitable for some Geographical Information Systems
(GIS) mapping purposes.
I GPS technology offers numerous benefits to law enforcement agencies of all types. For some agencies, the navigational capabilities offered by GPS enhance efficiency and safety. These navigational applications can be used to support a variety of policing and criminal justice functions. Other agencies use GPS positioning technologies to carry out special operations or to provide enhanced personnel safety. For example, using computerized maps of their rights given by law, cooperated with GPS, aviation personnel can determine location, speed and time.
J The positioning capabilities offered by GPS may also contribute to the success of specialized law enforcement operations such as in controlling vehicles. One such program operated in Minneapolis led to a 60% reduction in auto theft after only one month. The automatic vehicle location systems can not only provide efficiency of response and help ensure officer safety, but also provide officer with accurate information concerning the best response route to an incident. What"s more, they can provide officers information that allows the closest patrol officers to be dispatched to a particular incident.
I GPS technology offers numerous benefits to law enforcement agencies of all types. For some agencies, the navigational capabilities offered by GPS enhance efficiency and safety. These navigational applications can be used to support a variety of policing and criminal justice functions. Other agencies use GPS positioning technologies to carry out special operations or to provide enhanced personnel safety. For example, using computerized maps of their rights given by law, cooperated with GPS, aviation personnel can determine location, speed and time.
J The positioning capabilities offered by GPS may also contribute to the success of specialized law enforcement operations such as in controlling vehicles. One such program operated in Minneapolis led to a 60% reduction in auto theft after only one month. The automatic vehicle location systems can not only provide efficiency of response and help ensure officer safety, but also provide officer with accurate information concerning the best response route to an incident. What"s more, they can provide officers information that allows the closest patrol officers to be dispatched to a particular incident.
K Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS) are heavily dependant upon GPS technology to provide data about the road system. GPS allows for law enforcement personnel to clear roadway blockages to ensure the safety of motorist. Most people associate law enforcement with the prevention, reduction, and prosecution of criminal activity. In fact, a large portion of local law enforcement resources are involved in facilitating the movement of people and vehicles in a safe manner. In conclusion, large-volume commercial applications such as cellular phones, personal communication systems, and in-vehicle navigation systems will fuel continued development of these technologies. What was ultimately the domain of the Department of Defense is rapidly becoming available for business, private, and general government use. Policing and public safety in general, will benefit from these market forces. It is clear that there are a number of GPS applications for policing.（分数：30.00）
(1).For recreational use, the accuracy of a hand held GPS unit at relatively low price is good enough.（分数：3.00）
解析：H[解析] 根据accuracy和hand held定位到H段，该段第2句的This accuracy指的就是第1句中的相对低成本的小型手提式设备的准确度，题目中的good enough是对原文sufficient的同义改写，故选H。
(2).With the help of GPS, aviation personnel can determine location, speed and time.（分数：3.00）
解析：I[解析] 根据题目的关键信息location，speed and time可定位到I段，该段提到航空人员在全球定位系统的帮助之下能确定位置、速度和时间，故本题答案为I。
(3).The primary function of GPS is navigation in three dimensions.（分数：3.00）
解析：D[解析] 根据关键词three dimensions定位到D段。该段第5句提到三维导航是GPS的主要功能，题目意思与此一致，故选D。
(4).Limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage, and the limited accuracies are the disadvantages of other navigational instruments.（分数：3.00）
解析：A[解析] 根据题目中比较显眼的24-hour coverage可定位到A段。该段第3句所指明的全球定位系统的独特之处，对应的就是本题所说的其他导航工具的缺点，故选A。
(5).The prices of various GPS receivers are determined by their accuracy and capabilities.（分数：3.00）
解析：G[解析] 根据本题的对象GPS receivers定位到H段，该段第2句的分词结构reflecting明确表明不同价位反映出相应的准确度和性能，意即准确度和性能决定了接收器的价格，故选G。
(6).The Space Segment of GPS consists of many GPS satellites, which send radio signals from space.（分数：3.00）
解析：B[解析] A段最后一句表明全球定位系统的组成包括空间部分、监控部分和用户部分，接下来应讲。故本题答案应在空间部分，B段主要讲空间部分，该段第1、2句结合起来即为题目内容。
(7).Many transportation management systems depend heavily on GPS technology, which
helps to clear roadway blockages.（分数：3.00）
解析：K[解析] 根据关键词transportation management system定位到K段。该段第1、2句结合起来即为题目意思，故选K。
川菜家常菜(8).Thanks to the GPS system, the auto theft rate in Minneapolis had been reduced by sixty percent in the first month.（分数：3.00）
解析：J[解析] 根据地点词Minneapolis可迅速定位到J段第2句，该句开头的One such program指的是GPS program，该句意为GPS系统让汽车偷窃案件降低了60%，题目意思与此相符，故选J。
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