大学英语四级-101
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon 1 their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an 2 reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.
Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the 3 memory of the house we lived in and of my room and my toys. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my 4 had led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my 5 topics and enjoy burning the mid
Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the 3 memory of the house we lived in and of my room and my toys. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my 4 had led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my 5 topics and enjoy burning the mid
night oil while reading about other people"s observations and 6 Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit 7 together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might 8 with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. A scientist requires not only 9 but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can 10 the two, you get the best of both worlds.
A. combine B. connect C. serf-discipline D. enthusiasm
E. regulations F. discoveries G. dim H. eventually
I. abandoned J. honor K. disposed L. modest
M. favorite N. early O. perfectly（分数：30.00）
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. A scientist requires not only 9 but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can 10 the two, you get the best of both worlds.
A. combine B. connect C. serf-discipline D. enthusiasm
E. regulations F. discoveries G. dim H. eventually
I. abandoned J. honor K. disposed L. modest
M. favorite N. early O. perfectly（分数：30.00）
heir pressed flowers and insects意为“抛弃了他们压平的花和昆虫”。
解析：N[解析] 此处需要元音开头的形容词作定语。以元音开头的只有early，根据and后面的“不会做心算”也可进一步确认。not an early reader意为“不是很早就学会阅读的人”。abandoned一词虽然也以元音开头，而且也可充当形容词，但在词义上不符合上下文的要求。
解析：G[解析] 此处需要形容词作定语。根据下文But后的内容，可知空白处应与crystal-clear(一清二楚的)形成反义关系，所以答案应该是dim。dim memory意为“模糊的记忆”。
解析：D[解析] 此处需要名词作主语。根据上文的strong love，可知答案为enthusiasm。
解析：M[解析] 此处需要形容词作定语。根据topics的谓语动词love可推断答案为favorite，即my favorite topics(我最喜欢的话题)。
解析：F[解析] 此处需要名词作宾语。能与observations构成并列关系的名词是discoveries。
解析：O[解析] 此处需要副词作状语，修饰谓语部分seems to fit together。从上下文语义看，perfectly较合适。seems to fit perfectly together意为“似乎都相配得非常完美”。
解析：J[解析] 此处需要及物动词，而且是动词原形，作谓语。从下一句But后的内容看，此处需要一个积极意义的动词，所以honor最合适。honor with the title of scientific research意为“尊称这些为科学研究”。
解析：C[解析] 此处需要名词，与hard training, determination and a goal并列作宾语，因此答案为self-discipline。
解析：A[解析] 此处需要及物动词，而且是动词原形作谓语。根据下文“获得这两个领域最棒的东西”，可知要把两者结合起来，因此答案为combine。
三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：30.00)
Questions on the Origins of Christmas
1. Why do we celebrate on December 25th?
A The Bible makes no mention of Jesus being born on December 25th and, as more than one historian has pointed out, why would shepherds be tending to their flock in the middle of winter? So why is that the day we celebrate? Well, either Christian holidays miraculously fall on the same days as pagan ones or the Christians have been crafty in converting pagan populations to religion by placing important Christian holidays on the same days as pagan ones. And people had been celebrating on December 25th (and the surrounding weeks) for centuries by the time Jesus showed up.
B The Winter Solstice, falling on or around December 21st, was and is celebrated around the world as the beginning of the end of winter. It is the shortest day and longest night and its passing signifies that spring is on the way. In Scandinavian countries, they celebrated the solstice with a holiday called Yule last from the 21st until January and burned a Yule log the whole time. In Rome, Saturnalia—a celebration of Saturn, the God of agriculture—lasted the entire end of the year and was marked by mass intoxication. In the middle of this, the Romans celebrated the birth of another God, Mithra (a child God),
A The Bible makes no mention of Jesus being born on December 25th and, as more than one historian has pointed out, why would shepherds be tending to their flock in the middle of winter? So why is that the day we celebrate? Well, either Christian holidays miraculously fall on the same days as pagan ones or the Christians have been crafty in converting pagan populations to religion by placing important Christian holidays on the same days as pagan ones. And people had been celebrating on December 25th (and the surrounding weeks) for centuries by the time Jesus showed up.
B The Winter Solstice, falling on or around December 21st, was and is celebrated around the world as the beginning of the end of winter. It is the shortest day and longest night and its passing signifies that spring is on the way. In Scandinavian countries, they celebrated the solstice with a holiday called Yule last from the 21st until January and burned a Yule log the whole time. In Rome, Saturnalia—a celebration of Saturn, the God of agriculture—lasted the entire end of the year and was marked by mass intoxication. In the middle of this, the Romans celebrated the birth of another God, Mithra (a child God),
whose holiday celebrated the children of Rome.
C When the Christianity became the official religion of Rome, there was no Christmas. It was not until the 4th century that Pope Julius I declared the birth of Jesus to be a holiday and picked December 25th as the celebration day. By the middle ages, most people celebrated the holiday we know as Christmas.
2. How did Americans come to love the holiday?
D The American Christmas is, like most American holidays, a mishmash of Old World customs mixed with American inventions. While Christmas was celebrated in America from the time of the Jamestown settlement, our modem idea of the holiday didn"t take root until the 19th century. The History Channel credits Washington Irving with getting the ball rolling. In 1819 he published The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, gent. , an account of a Christmas celebration in which a rich family invites poor folk into their house to celebrate the holiday.
E The problem was that many of the activities described in Irving"s work, such as Crowning a Lord of Misrule , were entirely fictional. Nonetheless, Irving began to steer Ch
C When the Christianity became the official religion of Rome, there was no Christmas. It was not until the 4th century that Pope Julius I declared the birth of Jesus to be a holiday and picked December 25th as the celebration day. By the middle ages, most people celebrated the holiday we know as Christmas.
2. How did Americans come to love the holiday?
D The American Christmas is, like most American holidays, a mishmash of Old World customs mixed with American inventions. While Christmas was celebrated in America from the time of the Jamestown settlement, our modem idea of the holiday didn"t take root until the 19th century. The History Channel credits Washington Irving with getting the ball rolling. In 1819 he published The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, gent. , an account of a Christmas celebration in which a rich family invites poor folk into their house to celebrate the holiday.
E The problem was that many of the activities described in Irving"s work, such as Crowning a Lord of Misrule , were entirely fictional. Nonetheless, Irving began to steer Ch
ristmas celebrations away from drunken debauchery (放荡) and towards wholesome, charitable fun. Throughout the rest of the 19th century, Christmas gained popularity and Americans adopted old customs or invented new ones, such as Christmas trees, greeting cards, giving gifts and eating a whole roasted pig.
算你狠歌词3. Who popularized Christmas trees?
F Since time immortal, humans have been fascinated with the color green and plants that stay green through winter. Many ancient societies—from Romans to Vikings—would decorate their Homes and temples with evergreens in the winter as a symbol of the returning growing season. But the Christmas tree didn"t get going until some intrepid (无畏的) German dragged home and decorated a tree in the 16th century. Legend has it that Martin Luther himself added lighted candles to his family"s tree, starting the trend (and leading to countless fires through the years). In America, the Christmas tree didn"t catch on until 1846 when the British royals, Queen Victoria and the German Prince Albert, were shown with a Christmas tree in a newspaper. Fashionable people in America mimicked the Royals and the tree thing spread outside of German enclaves (被为领土) in America.
算你狠歌词3. Who popularized Christmas trees?
F Since time immortal, humans have been fascinated with the color green and plants that stay green through winter. Many ancient societies—from Romans to Vikings—would decorate their Homes and temples with evergreens in the winter as a symbol of the returning growing season. But the Christmas tree didn"t get going until some intrepid (无畏的) German dragged home and decorated a tree in the 16th century. Legend has it that Martin Luther himself added lighted candles to his family"s tree, starting the trend (and leading to countless fires through the years). In America, the Christmas tree didn"t catch on until 1846 when the British royals, Queen Victoria and the German Prince Albert, were shown with a Christmas tree in a newspaper. Fashionable people in America mimicked the Royals and the tree thing spread outside of German enclaves (被为领土) in America.
物流的快递怎么查Ornaments, courtesy of Germany, and electric lights, courtesy of Thomas Edison"s assistants, were added over the years and we haven"t changed much since.
4. What"s the deal with Santa Claus?
G The jolly, red-suited man who sneaks into your home every year to leave you gifts hasn"t always been so jolly. The real Saint Nick was a Turkish monk who lived in the 3rd century. According to legend, he was a rich man thanks to an inheritance from his parents, but he gave it all away in the form of gifts to the less-fortunate. He eventually became the most popular saint in Europe and, through his alter ego, Santa Claus, remains so to this day. But how did a long-dead Turkish monk become a big, fat, reindeer-riding pole dweller? The Dutch got the ball rolling by celebrating the saint—called Sinter Klaas—in New York in the late-18th century. Our old friend, Washington Irving, included the legend of Saint Nick in his seminal History of New-York as well, but at the turn of the 18th century, Saint Nick was still a rather obscure figure in America.
H On December 23, 1823, though, a man named Clement Clarke Moore published a poem he had written for his daughters called "An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas," be
4. What"s the deal with Santa Claus?
G The jolly, red-suited man who sneaks into your home every year to leave you gifts hasn"t always been so jolly. The real Saint Nick was a Turkish monk who lived in the 3rd century. According to legend, he was a rich man thanks to an inheritance from his parents, but he gave it all away in the form of gifts to the less-fortunate. He eventually became the most popular saint in Europe and, through his alter ego, Santa Claus, remains so to this day. But how did a long-dead Turkish monk become a big, fat, reindeer-riding pole dweller? The Dutch got the ball rolling by celebrating the saint—called Sinter Klaas—in New York in the late-18th century. Our old friend, Washington Irving, included the legend of Saint Nick in his seminal History of New-York as well, but at the turn of the 18th century, Saint Nick was still a rather obscure figure in America.
H On December 23, 1823, though, a man named Clement Clarke Moore published a poem he had written for his daughters called "An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas," be
tter known now as "T" was the Night Before Christmas." Nobody knows how much of the poem Moore invented, but we do know that it was the spark that eventually lit the Santa fire. Many of the things we associate with Santa—a sleigh, reindeer, Christmas Eve visits—came from Moore"s poem. From 1863 to 1886, Thomas Nast"s illustrations of Santa Claus appeared in Harper"s Weekly—including a scene with Santa giving gifts to Union soldiers. Not much has changed since the second half of the 19th century: Santa still gets pulled in a sleigh by flying reindeer, he Still wears the big red suit and he still sneaks down chimneys to drop off presents.
5. Who invented Rudolph?
I Santa did get one more friend in 1939. Robert May, a copywriter for the Montgomery Ward department store chain, wrote a little story about a 9th reindeer with a disturbing red nose for a booklet to give customers during the holiday season. Ten years later, May"s brother would put the story to music, writing the lyrics and melody.（分数：30.00）
张睿李晟5. Who invented Rudolph?
I Santa did get one more friend in 1939. Robert May, a copywriter for the Montgomery Ward department store chain, wrote a little story about a 9th reindeer with a disturbing red nose for a booklet to give customers during the holiday season. Ten years later, May"s brother would put the story to music, writing the lyrics and melody.（分数：30.00）
(1).Drunken debauchery was regarded as old Christmas practice in America in the 19th c
entury.（分数：3.00）
(2).Rudolph appeared in Robert May"s story as a reindeer with a disturbing red nose.（分数：3.00）
解析：I[解析] 本题与Rudolph有关，故定位锁定在最后一个小标题5. Who invented Rudolph?下的I段。该段第2句讲述了相关Rudolph的相关信息，与题目所述一致，故I段为本题出处。
(3).The celebration of Jesus" birth on Dec. 25th has much to do with Pope Julius I.（分数：3.00）
解析：C[解析] 本题与耶稣诞辰日子的选择有关，故定位应锁定在1. Why do we celebrate on December 25th?标题下。再根据Jesus" birth和Dec. 25th及Pope Julius I可快速定位至
C段第2句。
(4).What Santa Claus does nowadays can be traced back to one of Clement Clarke Moore"s poems.（分数：3.00）
解析：H[解析] 根据Clement Clarke Moore"s poem可定位到H段第2、3句，这两句说很多有关圣诞老人的东西都源于Clement Clarke Moore写给他女儿的一首“诗”，题目意思与此相符。
(5).Santa Claus was based on a monk named Saint Nick, who was from Turkey.（分数：3.00）
解析：G[解析] 本题与圣诞老人有关，定位锁定在4. What"s the deal with Santa Claus?标题下，再根据Saint Nick及Turkey可快速定位至G段第2句。
感恩节朋友圈感恩语(6).Thanks to American writer Washington Irving, Christmas began to take root in America in the 19th century.（分数：3.00）
解析：D[解析] 本题与圣诞节在美国的情况有关，故定位锁定在2. How did Americans come to love the holiday?小标题下。再根据人名Washington Irving及19th century可定位至D段第2、3句。
(7).Evergreens were used to decorate home as a symbol of the returning growing season in many ancient societies.（分数：3.00）
解析：F[解析] 本题的关键词是Evergreens“常绿植物”，这与圣诞树的相关，故定位应该在3. Who popularized Christmas trees?标题下。其中F段第2句所述与本题相符，故为答案。
(8).People begin to celebrate Dec. 25th before the birth of Jesus.（分数：3.00）
解析：A[解析] 本题与12月25日作为庆祝节日有关，故定位应在1. Why do we celebrate on December 25th?标题下的段落。其中A段最后一句提到，在耶稣出现前的几个世纪，人们就一直在12月25日庆祝了，这与本题意思一致，故A段为本题出处。
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