原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu) 原子数Atomic number
原子量Atomic weight 波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model
键能Bonding energy 库仑力Coulombic force
共价键Covalent bond 分子的构型molecular configuration 电子构型electronic configuration 负电的Electronegative
正电的Electropositive 基态Ground state
氢键Hydrogen bond 离子键Ionic bond
同位素Isotope 金属键Metallic bond
摩尔Mole
订单号查询快递到哪了泡利不相容原理 Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表Periodic table
原子atom 分子molecule
分子量molecule weight 极性分子Polar molecule
量子数quantum number 价电子valence electron
范德华键van der waals bond 电子轨道electron orbitals
点point group 对称要素symmetry elements
各向异性anisotropy 原子堆积因数Atomic packing factor
(APF)
体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC) 布拉格定律bragg’s law 配位数coordination number
晶体结构crystal structure 晶系crystal system
晶体的crystalline 衍射diffraction
中子衍射neutron diffraction 电子衍射electron diffraction
晶界grain boundary 六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed
(HCP)
鲍林规则Pauling’s rules NaCl型结构NaCl－type structure CsCl型结构Caesium Chloride structure 闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure
纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure 金红石型结构Rutile structure
萤石型结构Fluorite structure 钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure 尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure 硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates
岛状结构Island structure 链状结构Chain structure
层状结构Layer structure 架状结构Framework structure
滑石talc 叶蜡石pyrophyllite
高岭石kaolinite 石英quartz
长石feldspar 美橄榄石forsterite
各向同性的isotropic 各向异性的anisotropy
晶格lattice 晶格参数lattice parameters
密勒指数miller indices 非结晶的noncrystalline
多晶的polycrystalline 多晶形polymorphism
单晶single crystal 晶胞unit cell
电位electron states (化合)价valence
电子electrons 共价键covalent bonding
金属键metallic bonding 离子键Ionic bonding
极性分子polar molecules 原子面密度atomic planar density
衍射角diffraction angle 合金alloy
粒度，晶粒大小grain size 显微结构microstructure
显微照相photomicrograph 扫描电子显微镜scanning electron
microscope (SEM)
重量百分数weight percent 透射电子显微镜 transmission electron
microscope (TEM)
四方的tetragonal 单斜的monoclinic
配位数coordination number
材料科学基础专业词汇：第二章晶体结构缺陷
缺陷defect, imperfection 点缺陷point defect
线缺陷line defect, dislocation 面缺陷interface defect
体缺陷volume defect 位错排列dislocation arrangement
位错线dislocation line 刃位错edge dislocation
螺位错screw dislocation 混合位错mixed dislocation
晶界grain boundaries 大角度晶界high-angle grain
boundaries 小角度晶界tilt boundary, 孪晶界twin boundaries
位错阵列dislocation array 位错气团dislocation atmosphere
位错轴dislocation axis 位错胞dislocation cell
位错爬移dislocation climb 位错聚结dislocation coalescence
位错滑移dislocation slip 位错核心能量dislocation core energy
位错裂纹dislocation crack 位错阻尼dislocation damping
位错密度dislocation density 原子错位substitution of a wrong
atom
间隙原子interstitial atom 晶格空位vacant lattice sites
间隙位置interstitial sites 杂质impurities
弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder 肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder
主晶相the host lattice 错位原子misplaced atoms
如何安装双系统缔合中心Associated Centers. 自由电子Free Electrons
电子空穴Electron Holes 伯格斯矢量Burgers
克罗各-明克符号K roger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom
材料科学基础专业词汇：第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体
固溶体solid solution 固溶度solid solubility
化合物compound 间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution
置换固溶体substitutional solid solution 金属间化合物intermetallics
不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution 转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution
有序固溶体ordered solid solution 无序固溶体disordered solid solution 固溶强化solid solution strengthening 取代型固溶体Substitutional solid
solutions
过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution 非化学计量化合
物Nonstoichiometric compound
材料科学基础专业词汇：第三章熔体结构
熔体结构structure of melt 过冷液体supercooling melt
玻璃态vitreous state 软化温度softening temperature
粘度viscosity 表面张力Surface tension
介稳态过渡相metastable phase 组织constitution
淬火quenching 退火的softened
玻璃分相phase separation in glasses 体积收缩volume shrinkage
材料科学基础专业词汇：第四章固体的表面与界面
表面surface 界面interface
同相界面homophase boundary 异相界面heterophase boundary
晶界grain boundary 表面能surface energy
小角度晶界low angle grain boundary 大角度晶界high angle grain boundary 共格孪晶界coherent twin boundary 晶界迁移grain boundary migration 错配度mismatch 驰豫relaxation
重构reconstuction 表面吸附surface adsorption
表面能surface energy 倾转晶界titlt grain boundary
扭转晶界twist grain boundary 倒易密度reciprocal density
共格界面coherent boundary 半共格界面semi-coherent boundary 非共格界面noncoherent boundary 界面能interfacial free energy
应变能strain energy 晶体学取向关系crystallographic
orientation
惯习面habit plane
材料科学基础专业词汇：第五章相图
相图phase diagrams 相phase
何炅身高组分component 组元compoonent
相律Phase rule 投影图Projection drawing
浓度三角形Concentration triangle 冷却曲线Cooling curve
成分composition 自由度freedom
相平衡phase equilibrium 化学势chemical potential
热力学thermodynamics 相律phase rule
吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule 自由能free energy
数据库软件吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy 吉布斯函数Gibbs function
热力学函数thermodynamics function 热分析thermal analysis
过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling
杠杆定律lever rule 相界phase boundary
相界线phase boundary line 相界交联phase boundary
crosslinking
共轭线conjugate lines 相界有限交联phase boundary
crosslinking
相界反应phase boundary reaction 相变phase change
相组成phase composition 共格相phase-coherent
金相相组织phase constentuent 相衬phase contrast
相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope 相衬显微术phase contrast
microscopy
相分布phase distribution 相平衡常数phase equilibrium
constant
相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram 相变滞后phase transition lag
相分离phase segregation 相序phase order
警的组词相稳定性phase stability 相态phase state
相稳定区phase stabile range 相变温度phase transition
temperature
相变压力phase transition pressure 同质多晶转变polymorphic
transformation
同素异晶转变allotropic transformation 相平衡条件phase equilibrium
conditions
显微结构microstructures 低共熔体eutectoid
不混溶性immiscibility
材料科学基础专业词汇：第六章扩散
活化能activation energy扩散通量diffusion flux
浓度梯度concentration gradient菲克第一定律Fick’s first law
菲克第二定律Fick’s second law相关因子correlation factor
稳态扩散steady state diffusion非稳态扩散nonsteady-state diffusion 扩散系数diffusion coefficient跳动几率jump frequency
填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism晶界扩散grain boundary diffusion 短路扩散short-circuit diffusion上坡扩散uphill diffusion
下坡扩散Downhill diffusion互扩散系数Mutual diffusion
渗碳剂carburizing浓度梯度concentration gradient 浓度分布曲线concentration profile扩散流量diffusion flux
驱动力driving force间隙扩散interstitial diffusion
自扩散self-diffusion表面扩散surface diffusion
空位扩散vacancy diffusion扩散偶diffusion couple
扩散方程diffusion equation扩散机理diffusion mechanism
扩散特性diffusion property无规行走Random walk
达肯方程Dark equation柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation
本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermal defect本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusion coefficient
字体安装离子电导率Ion-conductivity空位机制Vacancy concentration
材料科学基础专业词汇：第七章相变
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