Begging by Nestlings
1. The phrase impose on(强加于)in the passage is closest in meaning to
A、increase for 为……增加
B、remove from从……移除
C、place on 强加于
D、distribute to 给……分发
解析:词汇题。动词词组。原句说动物发出的信号会将过于有伤害性的代价怎样它们,A、D都不合适,后文提到鸟的乞讨声为它们招来捕食者的例子,因此B不对,此处应该有带来/造成的意思,选C。刘晓庆主演的电视剧
2. According to paragraph 1, the experiment with tapes of begging tree swallows establishes which of the following? 根据第1段,用乞讨的白肚燕的录音的实验确立了以下哪一点?
A、Begging by nestling birds can attract the attention of predators to the nest. 雏鸟的乞讨能吸引对于鸟巢的捕食者的注意。
B、Nest predators attack nests that contain nestlings more frequently than they attack nests that contain only eggs. 鸟巢捕食者袭击装着雏鸟的巢比它们袭击仅装着蛋的巢更频繁。(表述错误,根据最后一句,捕食者袭击有乞讨声的巢穴比安静的巢穴更频繁)
C、Tapes of begging nestlings attract predators to the nest less frequently than real begging calls do. 乞讨的雏鸟的录音比真实的乞讨声不那么频繁地将捕食者吸引到巢里。(原文没有将录音与真实声音的效果作对比)
D、Nest predators have no other means of locating bird nests except the begging calls of nestling birds. 除了雏鸟的乞讨声,捕食者没有其他定位鸟巢的方法。(没提到)
解析:细节题。以“tree swallow”为关键词,定位出题句为最后一句,即有乞讨声的巢比安静的巢更容易受到捕食者的袭击,但这句话只说了放了tape的nest会遭受更多的攻击,没说为什么所以往前看,上句说cheeps泄露了信息给捕食者,使得鸟窝遭受攻击,然后举了tape的例子,无非是说cheeps吸引了攻击,所以选A。
3. The word artificial(人造的;仿真的) in the passage is closest in meaning to
A、attractive 有吸引力的
B、not real 不真实的
C、short-term短期的
D、well designed设计得很好的
解析:词汇题。形容词。原句说DH做了一个带着泥蛋的什么样的窝,由“clay egg”可以判断选B,A、C、D都不合适,。
4. Paragraph 2 indicates that the begging calls of tree nesting warblers
第2段表明小白肚燕的乞讨声
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A、put them at more risk than ground-nesting warblers experience
把它们置于比在地上筑巢的鸣鸟经历得更多的危险之中(第3句说,地上筑巢的鸣鸟尤为容易受到捕食者攻击,而它们的叫声只是让它们比树上筑巢的鸟不那么容易被发现)
B、can be heard from a greater distance than those of ground-nesting warblers 能比起那些地上筑巢的鸣鸟从更远的距离被听到
C、are more likely to conceal the signaler than those of ground-nesting warblers
比起那些地面筑巢的鸣鸟更有可能藏匿“信号员”(更不可能)
D、have higher frequencies than those of ground-nesting warblers
比那些地面筑巢的鸣鸟有更高的频率(更低)
解析:细节题。以“tree nesting”为关键词,定位出题句为第2句,说树上筑巢的鸣鸟的叫声比地上筑巢的频率更高,而第3句说更高频率的声音传播没那么远,所以可以更好地藏匿这些鸣鸟,因此相比较之下,树上筑巢的鸟的叫声音频更低,传播更远,保护性更小,C、D不对,根据原文无法得出A结论,选B。
5. The experiment described in paragraph 2 supports which of the following conclusions?
第2段中描述的实验支持以下哪一结论?
A、Predators are unable to distinguish between the begging cheeps of ground-nesting and those of tree-nesting warblers except by the differing frequencies of the calls. 捕食者不能通过叫声的不同频率在地面筑巢的鸣鸟的乞讨声和那些树上筑巢的鸣鸟之间作区分。(不对,根据最后一句可知,实验证明,捕食者是可以根据频率去判断的)
B、When they can find them, predators prefer the eggs of tree-nesting warblers to those of ground-nesting warblers. 当它们能到它们的时候,比起在地面筑巢的鸣鸟的那些(蛋),捕食者更喜欢在树上筑巢的鸣鸟的蛋。(不是更喜欢,而是更容易到)
压的多音字组词C、The higher frequencies of the begging cheeps of ground-nesting warblers are an adaptation to the threat that ground-nesting birds face from predators. 在地面上筑巢的鸣鸟的乞讨声的更高频率是对于在地面上筑巢的鸣鸟面临的来自捕食者的威胁的一种适应。
D、The danger of begging depends more on the frequency of the begging cheep than on how loud it is. 乞讨的危险更多地取决于乞讨声的频率而不是它有多响。(没有提到频率与响度的效果的对比)
解析:段落总结题。第3句说地上筑巢的鸣鸟尤为容易受到捕食者攻击,但它们的叫声让它们比树上筑巢的鸟比树上筑巢的鸟更具隐匿性,且实验的结果,即最后一句话,证明了这一结论,因此选C。
6. The word prediction(预报,预言) in the passage is closest in meaning to
A、surprise惊喜
B、discovery 发现
C、explanation解释
D、expectation预期
解析:词汇题。名词。原句说这种猜想产生了一个什么,A不合适,下一句说这一什么得到数据的支持,B、C都不可能,选D,即一种推测,预言。
7. The word pinpoint(精确地到) in the passage is closest in meaning to
A、observe观察
B、locate exactly准确定位
C、copy accurately 精确复制
D、recognize认出,识别
解析:词汇题。动词。原句说难于察觉和怎么样的乞讨声,C不合适,A、D与“detect”重复,选B,察觉并且定位。
8. The word derive(源自;得出) in the passage is closest in meaning to
A、require 要求
B、gain获得
C、use 使用
D、produce 生产;引起
解析:词汇题。动词。原句说乞讨的雏鸟从它们的交流中怎么样了什么益处,选B,benefit from:从……中获益。A、C、D都不合适。
9. In paragraphs 4 and 5, what evidence supports the claim that the intensity of nestling begging calls is a good indicator of which offspring in
a nest would most benefit from a feeding? 在第4段和第5段,哪一证据支持这一断言,即雏鸟乞讨声的强度是一个很好的对于巢里哪只后代从喂养中获益最多的指标?
A、When placed in a nest with hungry robins, wellfed robins did not beg for food. 当被放进一个有着饥饿的知更鸟的巢里的时候,得到很好地喂养的知更鸟不乞食。(第4段最后一句,得到很好喂养的鸟也乞食)
B、Among robin nestlings, the intensity of begging decreased the more the nestlings were fed.
在小知更鸟中,乞讨的强度
C、Hungry tree swallow nestlings begged louder than well-fed nestlings in the same nest.饥饿的小白肚燕比同一巢中得到很好喂养的雏鸟乞讨得更大声。
D、Hungry tree swallow nestlings continued to beg loudly until they were fed whereas well-fed nestlings soon stopped begging. 饥饿的小白肚燕继续更大声地乞讨,直到它们被喂养,而得到很好喂养的雏鸟很快停止乞讨。(同A)
解析:细节题。以“benefit”为关键词,定位出题句为第4段第1句话和第2句,即乞讨声表明了雏鸟的真正饥饿。题目问证据,在倒数第1句话,即饥饿的鸟叫得更响,喂了的鸟也叫,但是没那么响,选C,A、D理解错误。
选项定位A的robins做关键词定位到第四段最后一句,原文说即使well-fed的鸟也叫,知识叫的不厉害罢了,所以c正确,A 说反了。
10. It can be inferred from paragraphs 4 and 5 that parent songbirds normally do not feed 能从第4段和第5段中推断出鸣鸟父母们通常不喂养
A、nestlings that are too weak to beg for food as vigorously as their nestmates 太虚弱而不能像它们
的窝友一样精力旺盛地乞食的雏鸟
B、more than one hungry nestling during a single visit to the nest
过生日吃什么好在一次回巢期间不只一只饥饿的雏鸟(没提到每次喂几只)
C、offsprings that were fed by the parents on the previous visit to the nest
大兴安岭森林火灾在先前回巢的时候被父母喂养过的后代(第5段第2句,只是说喂养过的鸟叫得不那么大声,父母喂养也没有那么多,但没说不喂养)
D、nestlings that have been removed and then later put back into their nest 已经被挪走,后来被放回它们巢中的雏鸟(根据第4段最后一句和第五段第2句可知,这样的鸟,如果饥饿,会叫更响,如果喂过了,就叫得不那么响,没说不喂)
解析:推断题。第4段说雏鸟的乞讨声的强度表明它们的饥饿和健康状况(第2句),第5段说鸟的父母通过这种强度来喂养雏鸟(第一句),因此不能发出叫声引起父母注意的雏鸟自然得不到父母的喂养,选A。
11. In paragraph 6, the author compares the energy costs of vigorous begging with the potential gain
in calories from such begging in order to 在第6段中,作者将精力旺盛的乞讨的能量消耗与从这样的乞讨中在卡路里上可能的增加做对比,为了
A、explain why begging for food vigorously can lead to faster growth and increased size 解释为什么精力旺盛地乞食能够导致更快的生长和增加的尺寸(根据第3句话,因为可能乞讨到更多的食物所以长得更好,而不是作者第4句话的对比的造成的)
B、explain how begging vigorously can increase an individual’s chance of propagating its own genes 解释精力旺盛地乞讨如何能够增加个体繁殖它自己的基因的机会(第4句后半句提到,但问的那句话是对前半句的解释)
C、point out a weakness in a possible explanation for why nestlings do not always beg vigorously 指出一种可能的对于雏鸟为什么不一直精力旺盛地乞讨的解释的弱点
D、argue that the benefits of vigorous begging outweigh any possible disadvantages 证明精力旺盛地乞讨的好处大于任何可能的弊端(根据第4句话,伤害体基因这种弊端大于其好处)
解析:作者目的题。以“calory”为关键词,定位出题句为第4句,题目中的这句话是对前半句的解释说明,即问题的答案不在于能量消耗,这个问题在第2句中提到,即它们为什么不在不那么饿的时候叫。因此选C。A说了但不是目的,B没说,D说反了
12. According to paragraph 6, which of the following explains the fact that a well-fed nestling does not beg loudly for more food? 根据第6段,以下哪一项解释了这一事实,即一只得到很好喂养的雏鸟不大声乞讨更多的食物?
A、There is no benefit for a nestling to get more food than it needs to survive. 对于雏鸟来说得到比它去生存需要的更多食物没有好处。(根据第3句,它们这样做可以获得更多食物,而不是没有好处)
B、By begging loudly for food it does not need, a nestling would unnecessarily expose itself to danger from predators. 通过大声乞讨它不需要的食物,一只雏鸟会将它自己不必要地暴露向来自捕食者的危险。(没提到来自捕食者的危险)
C、If a nestling begs loudly when it is not truly hungry, then when it is truly hungry its own begging may be drowned out by that of its well-fed siblings. 如果一只雏鸟在它不是真正饥饿的时候大声乞讨,那么当它真正饥饿的时候,它自己的乞讨可能被它得到很好喂养的
兄弟妹们的乞讨淹没。(没提到)
D、More of a nestling's genes will be passed to the next generation if its hungry siblings get enough food to survive.
如果它饥饿的兄弟妹们得到足以生存的食物,一只雏鸟的更多基因会被传给下一代。
解析:细节题。以”explain”为关键词,定位出题句为第4句,即因为对于彼此共享基因的同胞有伤害,所以雏鸟们不过度乞食,选D。
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
The cheeping provides important information to the parent, but it could also attract the attention of others.
吱吱的叫声提供重要信息给父母,但是它也能吸引其他动物的注意。
Where would the sentence best fit?
解析:句子插入题,选B。承上启下句,前半句说“cheeping”与父母的关系,后半句说与其他动物的关系,只有B前半句提到父母,后半句提到其他动物。
14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the
passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Experiments have shed much light on the begging behaviors of baby songbird. 实验已经阐明了幼年鸣鸟的乞讨行为。
Answer Choices
答案选项
A、Songbird species that are especially vulnerable to predators have evolved ways of reducing the dangers associated with begging calls.小学生日常行为规范
尤为容易受到捕食者攻击的鸣鸟类有减少与乞讨声相联系的危险的复杂方式。(第2、3段主旨)
B、Songbird parents focus their feeding effort on the nestlings that beg loudest for food. 鸣鸟的父母将它们的喂养努力集中在乞食最大声的雏鸟上。(第4、5段主旨)
C、It is genetically disadvantageous for nestlings to behave as if they are really hungry when they are not really hungry.
对于雏鸟来说,当它们不是真正饿的时候表现得仿佛它们真正饥饿从遗传学角度来说是不利的。(第6段主旨)
D、The begging calls of songbird nestlings provide a good example of overly damaging cost to signalers of signaling. 小鸣鸟的乞讨声提供了对于发送信号的“信息员”的过于有伤害性的代价的好例子。(第1段提到,但不是小鸣鸟的乞讨声不是提供了例子,而是导致了一些伤害)
E、The success with which songbird nestlings communicate their hunger to their parents is dependent on the frequencies of the nestlings' begging calls. 小鸣鸟雏鸟把它们的饥饿传达给它们的父母的成功取决于雏鸟的乞讨声的频率。(根据第4段,不是频率而是强度)
F、Songbird nestlings have evolved several different ways to communicate the intensity of their hunger to their parents.
小鸣鸟已经进化出几种将它们的饥饿的强度传达给它们的父母的不同方法。(根据4段,只有一种方法,即根据声音的强度)解析:文章总结题。A、B、C分别是对全文第2和3、4和5、6段的总结,D表述错误,E、F是细节错误。