Outsideworkhours
Portugal's bosses contacting staff outside work hours. Here's why
我们禁⽌了葡萄⽛⽼板在⼯作时间外联系员⼯，原因如下
This week the Portuguese parliament attracted headlines around the world, after we banned bosses from contacting their employees outside of working hours. Under the new laws, employers will now face sanctions if they text message, phone or email their workers when they are off the clock.
本周，葡萄⽛议会吸引了全世界的新闻关注，因为我们禁⽌了⽼板在⼯作时间以外与员⼯联系。根据新的法律，如果雇主在下班时间给员⼯发短信、打电话或发送电⼦邮件，将⾯临处罚。
We have introduced these new labour laws to avoid the blurring of the boundary between the time we spend serving others and family time. The boundary between time as a commodity with a financial value, and the precious time remaining for the enjoyment of life.
我们引⼊了这些新的劳动法，为的是避免模糊界限——我们为他⼈服务的时间和家庭时间之间的界限；也是作为具有经济价值的商品的时间，与剩余的⽤来享受⽣活的宝贵时间之间的界限。
In the age of the industrial revolution, workers could be little more than workers. The demand for shorter working hours was a central tenet of the labour movement from the very beginning.
在⼯业⾰命时代，⼯⼈只可能是⼯⼈。缩短⼯作时长的要求从⼀开始就是劳⼯运动的核⼼宗旨。
It was a demand that sought a way out of the extreme fatigue caused by long working hours, and the poor health caused by overwork. This alone would have been more than enough of a reason.
这项要求寻求的是摆脱长时间⼯作导致的极度疲劳和过度⼯作导致的健康不良。单凭这⼀点就⾜够作为理由了。
But the demand for shorter working hours was also about establishing that workers should be more than just a labour force, that they should also be people de facto, and not just de jure.
但缩短⼯作时长的要求也是为了明确⼯⼈不仅仅是劳动⼒，他们也应该是事实上的⼈，⽽不仅仅是法律上的⼈。
In an unequal relationship such as that between boss and worker, it is not enough to establish the latter has a "right to disconnect". Any abuse that conflicts with that right must be deterred through sanctions. This is why we have prohibited employers from contacting workers outside working hours,
and imposed potential fines for breaking the rules.陆翊图片
在诸如⽼板和员⼯之间这样不平等的关系中，仅仅明确后者有“失联的权利”是不够的。必须通过处罚来遏制任何与这⼀权利相冲突的权⼒滥⽤。这就是为什么我们要禁⽌雇主在⼯作时间以外联系员⼯，并对违反规定的雇主处以可能的。
主编：Jojo、Jessie
品控：Jojo、啾笛、Dobby
审核：Jessie
重点词汇
headline
/ˈhed.laɪn/
n. 重要消息，头条新闻；（报纸或杂志⽂章的）标题
例句：The various headlines in recent days have been news about Leehom Wang.
霍建华陈乔恩快乐大本营
搭配短语：to make or grab (the) headlines（成为头条）
sanction
/ˈsæŋk.ʃən/
n. 处罚，制裁；（官⽅对某⼀⾏为的）准许，批准
例句：The aide had acted without White House sanction.（这名助理的所作所为未经过⽩宫的批准。）
搭配短语：sanction against sth. / sb.（对……的制裁）
例句：The United Nations Security Council took sanctions against the aggressor country.（联合国安理会对侵略国采取了制裁措施。）
off the clock
下班
英⽂释义：Not at work; off duty.
例句：Guys, get a beer. You're off the clock.
反义短语：on the clock（上班）
例句：As you can see by the uniform I'm wearing, I'm actually on the clock right now.
新年许愿blur
/blɝː/
v.（使）变模糊
例句：Tears blurred her eyes.
commodity
/kəˈmɑː.də.t i/
n. 商品，货物
例句：Commodity prices rose sharply.
tenet
/ˈten.ɪt/
n. 信条，宗旨
英⽂释义：one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based
例句：The moral tenet governing the conduct of business in the shop was that the goods should be genuine and the price fair.（货真价实，是主宰商店商业⾏为的道德信条。）
fatigue
/fəˈtiːɡ/
n. 疲惫，劳累
例句：He's suffering from physical and mental fatigue.
词性拓展：fatigue（v. 使疲劳）
例句：They were fatigued by their journey.
overwork
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɝːk/
n. ⼯作过度，过分劳累
词根词缀：over-（表⽰“过分，过度”）
相关词汇：overspend（v. 花钱过多，超⽀）
相关词汇：work（n. & v. ⼯作）
词性拓展：overwork（v.（使）劳累过度，（使）⼯作太累）
例句：You've been overworking – why don't you take a week off?（你已经劳累过度了——为什么不休息⼀周呢？）
例句：His health broke down under the strain of overwork.（他被过于繁重的⼯作压垮了⾝体。）
enough of a ...
叶迎春车震照片
称得上是……
例句：Isn't the money enough of a reward?（这些钱还不够作为奖赏吗？）
establish
/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/
v. 确⽴，使……得到接受；建⽴，设⽴
搭配短语：to establish diplomatic relations（建⽴外交关系）
例句：It was his established practice to eat an early supper.（很早吃晚饭是他⼀贯的做法。）
靳东李佳搭配短语：the established way of doing sth.（某事约定俗成的做法）
de facto
/ˌdeɪˈfæk.toʊ/
adv. 事实上，实际上
英⽂释义：of fact
de jure
/ˌdiːˈdʒʊr.i/ /ˌdeɪˈdʒʊr.i/
adv. 法律上，根据法定权利
英⽂释义：of law
disconnect
/ˌdɪs.kəˈnekt/
v.（使）不联系；切断（电、⽓、⽔等）；（使）不连接，（使）分离
词根词缀：dis-（表⽰“否定”）
相关词汇：connect（v. 连接）
搭配短语：to disconnect from a network（断开⽹络连接）
例句：He disconnected the IV bottle from the overhead hook.（他从头顶的钩⼦上取下输液瓶。）
例句：Divorced men can too easily become disconnected from their children.（离婚的男性很容易会和⼦⼥断了联系。）
deter
/dɪˈtɝː/
v. 威慑，制⽌杨德昌蔡琴
英⽂释义：to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results
搭配短语：deter sb. from doing sth.
例句：The security camera was installed to deter people from stealing.
impose
/ɪmˈpoʊz/
v. 强制推⾏，强制实⾏；把（想法、信仰等）强加于（某⼈）
例句：China imposed a ban on after-school tutoring on weekends and holidays.（中国颁布了针对周末和节假⽇的课后补习的禁令。）搭配短语：parents who impose their own values on their children（把⾃⼰的价值观强加给孩⼦的⽗母）