150组英语相似词辨析Jerrylu
英语相似词语辨析
1.force/make
He was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.由于政治原因,他被迫离开了自己的祖国。How did the bat make the birds believe that he was on their side?蝙蝠是怎样使鸟儿们相信他是站在他们这边的?
<辨析>两者都可以作“迫使”解。force 表示用武力或威胁迫使某人做某事,宾语发出的动作常带有不情愿的意味。这种动作可以用带 to 的不定式表示,也可以用动名词表示。用动名词时,要与介词 in to 连用。例如:We forced him to go(into going).我们迫使他去。make 的用法比较广泛,它所表示的强迫性有时不如 force 强,其宾语之后的不定式要省去 to。但当 make 用于被动语态时,所省去的 to 要补上。例如:I was made to go there alone.我被迫一个人去那里。
2.before long/long before
Before long he had to move on again.不久他不得不再迁移。
She said that she had heard of it long before.她说,她老早就听说过这件事。
<辨析>before long 与 long before 是词义完全相同的两个词组。before long 意为“很快”,“不久”(soon, after a short period of time),其中 before 是介词,long 是名词。常在句中作状语,多与动词的过去时或将来时连用。如:I'll go to Shanghai before long.不久我要去上海。long before 意为“很久以前”,其中 long 是副词,long before 单独使用时,before 是副词。long before 后接名词、代词时,before 为介词。long before 后接从句时,before 为连词。这个词组常与过去时或过去完成时连用。跟从句时也可以用在现在时的句子中。例如:It will be long before he arrives.还要多久他才到达。
3.keep/keep on
It kept raining for three days.接连下了三天的雨。
In the years that followed,Mark kept on studying English and using it .在这之后的几年中,马克思继续学习和使用英语。
<辨析>keep 与 keep on 都有“不断”的意思。在表示每隔一会儿即发生的动作时,两者可互换。如:H e carght cold and kept(on) coughing all the morning.他(得)感冒了,整个上午不停的咳嗽。如表示动作不间断或保持一种状态,则宜用 keep+v-ing。例如:We'ss keep going forward.我们将不断前进。注意:1)keep 或 keep on 后面只能接 v-ing,不能接不定式。2)两者后接表示动作的 v-ing(如:takling,w riting,walking,working 和 standing 等),不能接表示静止状态的 v-ing(如 standing,sitting,lying 和 sleepi ng 等)。如不可以说 He kept on sleeping.
4.be sure about(of)/be sure to/be sure that
He was not too sure about two things——the grammar and some of the idioms.他在语法和某些方面没有很大的把握。
You are sure to understand much more than before.你一定比以前懂得多了。
He was sure (that) nobody there would steal the money.他确信那儿不会有人偷钱。高三家长给孩子的一封鼓励信
<辨析>be sure about(of) 意为“相信”、“对......有把握”,后接名词、代词或动名词,表示当
事人的看法,主语必须是人。be sure to 意为“一定”,“肯定”,后接不定式,往往表示局外人的推测、评论,主语不一定是人。如:It's sure to rain tomorrow.明天一定会下雨。试比较下面两句:He is sure of living to n inety.他自信可以活到90岁。He is sure to live to ninety.他肯定可以活到90岁。be sure to 用于祈使句时,表示对对方的要求。作“务必”,“切望”解。如:Be sure to come tomorrow.你明天一定要来。be s
ure 接 that 从句时,意为“认为......一不会”,主语必须是人,that 可以省略。be sure 后面还可接 whet her 或 where,when,who 等引导的名词性从句。这时主句通常是否定形式。如:I am not sure where I l eft my notebook.我不能确定我把笔记本忘在什么地方了。
5.go on to do/go on doing
He went on to talk about the world situation.他接着谈了世界形势。
Dr Bethune went on working throughout the night.白求恩大夫整个夜晚都在做手术。
可米小子成员<辨析>go on to do 意为“停止以前做的事,接着做另一件事”;go on doing 意为“继续做以前的事”。试比较:Let's go on to discuss another question.我们接着讨论另外一个问题吧。
Let's go on discussing t he question.咱们继续讨论这个问题吧。此外,这两个短语在动作的时间概念上也有所不同,go on to d o 指一个时刻的动作,go on doing 指一段时间的动作。例如:I went on to read Lesson Two at half past t wo.两点半钟我接着读第二课。I went on reading Lesson Two for half an hour.第二课我连续不断地读了半个小时。
6.advice/advise
Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.马克思对如何学习外语提出了一些意见。
I would advise you to earn enough money to travel round the world.我建议你挣些钱去做环球旅行。
<辨析>两者的基本意思都是“劝告”,“建议”。advice 是不可数名词,前面不能有不定冠词 a,后面也不能加复数词尾-s。“一项建议”是 a piece of advice,不可以说 an advice。“一些(许多、多项)建议”是 s ome (much,pieces of) advice。advise 是动词,常用作及物动词,间或用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后接名词、代词,也可跟含有不定式的复合宾语。还可跟 that 从句,这时从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。如:
I advise that you (should) go at once.我劝你马上就去。
7.consult/look up
At the same time,consult dictionaries and memorize grammatical rules.同时,要查字典,记语法规则。When you don't know how to pronounce a new word,you must look it up.当你不知道一个生词怎么念时,必须查字典。
<辨析>两者都可以表示“查”。consult 意为“查阅”(refer to),后接表示“词典或参考书”的名词作宾语。look up 的意思是“在词典或参考书中查”(find a word,phrase,etc.in a dictionary or reference book)。但有时 look up 后面也跟表“词典”、“参考书”的名词,与 consult 通用。如:Did you look up a dictionary f or the meaning of the word?你翻词典查过这个词的意思吗?
8.memorize/remember
If you memorize a few words every day and keep on reading all the time,you are sure to do well in the Engl ish study.如果你每天记住几个单词,并坚持不断地阅读,你就一定能学
好英语。
He rememberd that the word was pronounced 'plau'.他记得这词该读作'plau'.
<辨析>memorize 意为“记住”、“熟记”,表示有意识地努力去记。remember 意为“记得”、“记起”、“想起”,指某件事或某个印象留存在记忆中,常指不需要有意识地追忆便可想起来。
9.close/shut/shut off
上下楼梯注意事项Please close the windows.请把窗关上。
Shut the door,please.请把门关上。
The visionphone shuts off.电视电话机关上了。
<辨析>三者都有“关”的意思。close 与 shut 表示“关窗(门)”时,常可通用。但 shut 比 close 意味较
强,close 仅指把开着的窗(门)关上的动作,而 shut 则指把窗、门关上并闩住的动作,即含有“隔绝内外”的意思。shut off 意为“关掉、停止运转”,常用于关收收音机、发电机、煤气、电视机等,既可看作不及物动词,也可看作及物动词。如:Shut the steam off——it's getting too warm in here.把暖气关上——屋里太暖和了。郑秀晶权志龙
10.examination/testfiash动画
We are going to have our term examination next week.下星期我们将进行期末考试。
We had our last physics test. 我们举行了一次物理测验。
<辨析>这两个名词都有“考试”的意思。examination 通常指比较正式的考试。如学期考试、入学考试等,可缩写成 exam,常用于口语。test 指小考或测验。还可指物理化学等(做)试验。如:The pro fessor showed them how to do a test in the chemistry lab.教授在化学实验室里演示给他们看如何做试验。两者除表示“考试”外,也可作“(身体)检查”解。如:The doctors gave the little girl all kinds of t ests (examinations).医生给小女孩做各种各样的身体检查。
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