不定代词
是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表
语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:
1. some与any的区别
1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
。 Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn’t any orange in the bottle.
Have you got any tea?
3)any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can‘t see any.
If you have no money, I’ll lend you some.
注意:与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。
2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1)用作形容词:
含义
用法表示肯定表示否定
用于可数名词a few虽少,但有几个few不多,几乎没有
用于不可数名词a little,虽少,但有一点little不多,没有什么
I‘m going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I’m a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.
3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。
用 法
代名词形容词
单数复数单数复数
不定another
另一个others
别人,其他人another (boy)
另一个(男孩)other (boys)
其他男孩
特定the other
醉翁亭记原文另一个the others
其余那些人、物the other (boy)
另一个男孩the other (boys)
其余那些男孩
1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别
的”。
Where are his other books?
I haven‘t any other books except this one.
2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one 。.., the other 。..”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some 。..。, others 。..”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
4)“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o’clock, but the others didn‘t get back until 8 o’clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can‘t you?
Mary doesn’t want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。
I‘m still hungry after I’ve had this cake. Please give me another.
4. every与each的区别。
eachevery
1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用
2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词
3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”,毫无例外
4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
Each ball has a different colour.
当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
5. all和both的用法。
1)all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。
All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)
= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)
All the water has been used up. (作主语)
That‘s all for today. (作表语)
Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)
All the leaders are here. (作定语)
2)both作代词。
与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。
Lucy and Lily both agree with us.
They both passed on their sticks at the same time.
How are your parents? They’re both fine.
与“of +代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。
Both of them came to see Mary.
Both of the books are very interesting.
单独使用,表示“两者(都)”。
Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
I don‘t know which book is the better, I shall read both.
3)both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。
Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
。 There are tall trees on both sides of the street.
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,英语中不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等.
紫萱谁演的
1.不定代词的作用
1)作主语,例:
Both(of us) are right.
(我们)两人都对.
Either(of the answers) is correct.
两个回答不论哪一个都对.
Neither(of the answers) is correct.
两个回答哪一个都不对.
Is everybody here?
大家都到了吗?
Nothing special happened yesterday.
昨天没有发生什么特殊的事情.
All is going well.
一切进行得很好.
2)作宾语,例:
There is room for all of us.
我们所有的人全坐得下.
He gave two to each(of them).
他给(他们)每人两个.
I like none of the books.
这些书我全不喜欢.
If you have any, give us some.
有的话,给我们一点.3)作表语,例:
That’s nothing.
没什么.
Is that all you want to know?
你想知道的就是这些吗?
Thanks, it’s too much for me.
谢谢,太多了.
I’m not somebody,I’m nobody.
护照过期怎么办
我不是重要人物,我是个无名小卒.
That’s really something.
那真是一大收获.
4)作定语,例:
You may take either road.
两条路你走哪条都行.
Every room is clean and tidy.
每一个房间都很整洁.
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.人人都管等于没人管.(谚)
Where are the other students?
其他的学生在哪里?
Please give another example to illustrate your point.请再举个例子来说明你的论点.
5)作同位语,例:
They both agreed to stay here.
他们两人都答应待在这儿.
We are all for him.
我们全支持他.
We none of us said anything.
我们谁也没说什么.
Give them two each.
给他们每人两个.
2.不定代词的用法比较
1)all,every和each的比较
all在表示抽象的整体概念时,作单数,相当于everything(一切东西),例:
All was destroyed in the big fire.
大火中一切都毁了.
Grasp all, lose all.
什么都抓,什么都抓不住.(谚)
Is that all you Want to know?
你想知道的就这些吗?
all指人时用作复数,意为指三者以上的“全部”、“全体”,相当于everyone(每个),例:
All are present.
大家都出席了.
There is room for all of us.
我们所有的人全坐得下.
She knows us all.
她认识我们所有的人.
all在人称代词前面,只能用all of,而且要与人称代词的宾格us, you, them等连用,如:all of us,而不能说成all us.
every用于三个或三个以上的人或物,是“每一个”的意思,只能作定语,强调整体概念,例:
Every player is present.
每个运动员都出场了.
They helped us in every way.
他们从各方面帮助我们.
在表示“每个”、“全体”意思时,every的意思与all很接近.但一般情况下every和单数名词搭配,
all和复数名词搭配,例:
Every child enjoys Christmas.
每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节.
All children enjoy Christmas.
所有的孩子都喜欢过圣诞节.
Each也是“每一个”的意思,但与every不同,each用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,着重于个别概念,例:
Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella.
两个人走进房间,每人拿着一把伞.
Each book on this desk is worth reading.
这桌子上每一本书都值得读.
He gave three to each(of them).
他给(他们)每人三个.
2) some和 any的比较
不定代词some,any都是“一些”的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用.some一般用于肯
定句中;而any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中,例:
Tom has some picture-books.
汤姆有几本图画书.
I have waited some time.
我已等了一会儿了.
Have you any questions?
你有问题吗?
There aren’t any pictures on the wall.
张姓男孩名墙上没有图片.
If there are any new magazines in the library, take
some for me.
如果图书馆来了新杂志,替我借几本.
注意:在表示请求或建议,希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,应用 some而不用 any,例:
Would you please give me some paper?
请你给我一些纸张好吗?
Would you like some sugar?
你要点糖吗?(=给你一些糖好吗?)
some还可用于盼望得到肯定答复的疑问句,如:
Isn’t there some ink in that bottle?
那个瓶不是还有点墨水吗?
当any表示“任何”或“无论哪一个”的意义时,可用于肯定句,此时any要重读,例:
Any one will do.
任何一个都行.
You may come at any time that is convenient to you.
你可以在对你方便的任何时候来.
some, any和 body, one, thing构成合成代词 somebody,someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything等和 some,any的基本用法一样,由some构成的合成代词一般用于肯定句,由any构成的合成代词一般用于否定句和疑问句.
如果要在疑问句中表示请求,建议等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答复,须用somebody,someone或something.建设银行 短信提醒
3) many、 much和 few、little
many(很多), few(很少), a few(有几个)是表示数的代词,用以代替或修饰可数名词; much(很多),little(很少), a little(有一些)是表示量的代词,用以代替或修饰不可数名词. a few和 a little表示肯定的意义,而 few和little
则表示否定意义.这些词一般作定语时较多,有时也可作主语、宾语,例:
南洋楹She has as many books as you.
她拥有与你同样多的书.(定语)
I have few books to lend you.
我几乎没书可借给你.(定语)
My mother had a little money on her.
我妈妈身边有点儿钱.(定语)
Many have come to the meeting.
许多人已来开会.(主语)
There is little left.
没剩多少了(主语).
He knows little about it.
这事他不太了解.(宾语)
How much is it?
多少钱?(表语)
注意: a lot(of), plenty of等一类的短语相当于many和much,可修饰可数或不可数名词,一般用于肯定句,例:
She has a lot of books on this subject.
她有许多关于这个课题的书.
4)other(s),the other和another
other表示“另一个”的意思,在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,不独立使用,通常修饰可数名词复数.其复数形式是others,可独立使用,无范围限定.other和others前面加定冠词the时是特指,表示两个中的一个;前面不带定冠词the时,表示泛指,例:
I have two brothers.One is a doctor,the other is a teacher.
我有两个兄弟.一个是医生,另一个是教师.(特指,作主语)
He is always ready to help others.
他总是乐意帮助别人.(泛指,作宾语)
Five of them are in the classroom.What about the others?
他们中有五个人在教室里.其余的人呢?(特指,作宾语)
another(另外一个,又一个)只能代替或修饰单数名词,可用作主语、宾语或定语,不独立使用.它实际上是由an+other构成的,因此前面不可再用冠词,即不定指.例:
Don’t lose heart.Have another try.
别灰心,再试一次.(作定语)
I have got three English novels.One is written
by Charles Dickens,another(is written)by Mark
Twain,and the third(is written)by Bronte.
我有三本英语小说.一本是查尔·狄更斯写的,另一本是马克·吐温写的,还有一本是布朗蒂写的.(作主语)
another后面还可以跟few 或带数字的复数名词,例:
Just think what our town will be like in another few years.
设想一下,再过几年我们这个城市将是什么样子.
You’d better stay in bed for another two weeks.
你最好再卧床二周.