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翻译实践
LECTURE 1
INTRODUCTION
论文研究方法有哪些1. Translation & language learning
Can you see what is wrong with the translation?
1. He is easily the best student in the class.
他很容易地成了班上最好的学生。
2. The stranger robbed his wife.
那个陌生人抢了他的妻子。
3. I can’t agree more.
我不能同意更多了。
4. I won’t do it to save my life.
为了救自己的命，我不会干。
5. I dare say he is honest.
我敢说他是诚实的。
她没有出席开幕式，这件事并没有使人感到意外。
1. She didn’t (failed to) come to/ turn up at/ wasn’t present at the opening ceremony. This thing/ matter caused no surprise/ surprised nobody.
2. (The fact) that …caused no surprise.
3. She didn’t …, but /and this caused ….
4. It caused no surprise/ It was not surprising that she ….
5.  As was expected, she …
2. Definition of translation
Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.
        —— Columbia Encyclopedia
翻译的性质：
是一种艺术，而非科学。
艺术表现个性，因人而异；
科学表现共性，不容变动。
To translate is to change into another language, retaining as much of the sense as one ca
n.
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
美国著名的翻译理论家尤金·奈达对翻译的定义：
Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.
翻译就是在译语中用最为贴切自然的等语再现原语的信息——首先是就意义而言，其次是就风格而言。
所有关于翻译的定义的共同点
● 翻译这一语言活动涉及两种不同的语言，即原文语言(source language) 与译文语言(target language)。
● 翻译的目的是实现这两种语言之间意义的对应转换，即将SL表达的信息通过TL加以传
递。
● 在实现这种语际意义对应转换中，要做到完整准确、不折不扣。
Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language
It is sometimes said that there is no task more complex than translation— a claim that can be readily believed when all the variables involved are taken into account. Translators not only need to know their source language well; they must also have a thorough understanding of the field of knowledge covered by the source text, and of any social, cultural, or emotional connotations that need to be specified in the target language if the intended effect is to be conveyed. The same special awareness needs to be present for the target language, so that points of special phrasing, local expectations, and so on, can all be taken into account.
3. Scope of translation
In terms of languages按所涉及的语言:Native languages      foreign languages
Of mode 按工作方式：Oral interpretation, written translation, machine translation
Of materials to be translated 按翻译材料：
    Scientific materials, literary works, political essays政论作品, practical writing应用文
Of disposal 按具体的处理方式：
    Full-text translation全文翻译, abridged translation摘译, adapted translation 编译
4. Requirements of a qualified translator
4.1 外文水平高
● Just imagine (it).
● I’ll buy it.
● You’re telling me.
4.2 中文水平高
● 不少人认为“信达雅”是严复的戛戛独造，并奉之为译事圭臬。
● Henry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and again in October.
4.3 知识面广 ——杂家
● John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.
see you again翻译● Nintendo will also remain a player in the games market. This low-market leader has done well by relying on its own mega-successful characters: Pokemon, Mario and Donkey Kong.
4.4 政治觉悟高——用词褒贬
● the peasants 爱国名言警句uprisings in the history of China
vc是什么意思
● The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.
4.5 熟悉基本的翻译技巧
前四个条件在短期内难于达到
熟悉基本的翻译技巧，在较短时间内是比较容易取得一定效果的。
2022跨年文案短句• I took the news with a grain of salt.
• He has many hot potatoes to handle every day.
• This seemingly simple question had her in a pickle.
5. Brief introduction to the history of translation in China
about 2,000 years
5.1 Eastern Han—N. & S. Dynasties (25—581)
5.2 Sui Dynasty—Tang Dynasty (581—907)
5.3 The Ming Dynasty (1368—1644 )
5.4 The Qing Dynasty (1644—1911 )
5.5 After the May 4th Movement of 1919
5.1 Eastern Han—Northern & Southern Dynasties (25—581)
西汉哀帝时代(公元前6年－公元元年)，有个名叫伊存的人到中国口传一些简短的佛经经句。
东汉桓帝建和二年（148年），
An Shih-ko安世高开始佛经的翻译，译《安般守意经》等30多部佛经
成龙捐兽首被泼漆Indu Dharmarakcha 竺法护：月氏/支人，译175部佛经
三支：支娄迦谶、支亮、支谦，月氏人
民间私人事业
5.2 Sui Dynasty—Tang Dynasty (581—907)
Golden age of translation in ancient China
Three giants in translating Buddhist scripture appeared:
Xuan Zang玄奘，Kumarajiva 鸠摩罗什，aramartha (also called Gunarata) 真谛 （波罗末他）
Xuan Zang (Tang Dynasty) 玄奘
唐太宗贞观二年（628年）出发去印度求经，17年后回国。带回佛经657部，19年间译出75部佛经，共1335卷。
提出“既须求真，又须喻俗”，即“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准
organize workshops 译场
the first one in China to translate Chinese documents into Sanskrit 《道德经》
5.3 The Ming Dynasty （1368—1644）
明代开始中国出现介绍西欧各国科学、文学、哲学的翻译家。
明徐光启和意大利人利玛窦M. Ricci合作翻译了欧几里德Euclid的《几何原本》Elements、《测量法义》等书。
5.4 The Qing Dynasty (1644—1911 )
林纾（琴南）译160多部文学作品
《巴黎茶花女遗事》（Camille ），《黑奴吁天录》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
《块肉余生述》 (David Copperfield)，《王子复仇记》（Hamlet)
严复（又陵）及其译著
《天演论》（Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays by T.H. Huxley 赫胥黎)
《原富》(Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by A. Smith 亚当·斯密)
《学肄言》 (Study of Sociology  H. Spencer 斯宾塞)