第4章听力综述
Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only once, and then you will have 25 minutes to finish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary.
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【文章梗概】
本文主要讨论英语语言。文章认为英语是目前在全球范围内最为广泛使用的语言之一，运用该语言的人数之多, 前所未有。英语在人类生活的各方面广为运用。原因主要有三个，即英语在科学、技术和商业中的运用、英语吸收其它语言词汇的能力及英语接纳不同方言的能力。随着世界的变化，英语也会随之而变，将有新的形式出现。英语不是世界上少数几个国家的财产，它属于所有需要它、使用它的人。
【参考答案】
综述内容应包括5个主要点信息和9个次要点信息中的5个。下划线部分为主要点, 斜体部分为次要点。
The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is
unprecedented in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language, by its depth of penetration into societies and by its range of functions.
Worldwide over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the world’s population speaks English with some degree of competence. Over 70％of the world’s sci
entists read English. About 85％of the world’s mail is written in English. By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers.
English is used for more purposes than ever before. Vocabularies, grammatical forms, and ways of speaking and writing have emerged influenced by technological and scientific developments, economics and management, literature and entertainment genres. What began some 1,500 years ago as a rude language, originally spoken by obscure Germanic tribes who invaded England, now encompasses the globe.
Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in science, technology and commerce, the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages, and the acceptability of various English dialects.
英语二级考试In science, English replaced German after World War Ⅱ. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall linguistic dominance, first in Europe and then globally.
Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age and has compressed time and distance. This is transforming world economics from industrial production to information-based goods and serv
ices. Ignoring geography and borders, the
information revolution is redefining our world. In less then 20 years, information processing, once limited to the printed word, has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-mediated communication is closing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style, and has resulted in Internet English replacing the authority of language institutes and practices.
English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, of which about 80％is foreign. Therefore, it has cognates from virtually every language in Europe and has borrowed and continues to borrow words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, as well as languages from West Africa and Polynesia. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
And there is no English language central authority to guard the purity of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed: American, British, Canadian, Indian, and Australian, to name a few. T
here is no standard pronunciation. But within this diversity is a unity of grammar and one set of core vocabulary. Thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
English is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations as more
people realize that English is not the property of only a few countries. Instead, it is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.闫肃简历
【解析】
一、主干内容表达部分：产品供货合同
这部分内容为文章的主干内容，是综述的主要点信息。
1. The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented.
2. English is used for more purposes than ever before.
[分析]该句为段落首句，为全段中心句，也是全文话题下讨论的主要内容之一，因此是全文框架性内容。
3. Three factors continue to contribute to this spread of English: English usage in
science, technology and commerce, the ability to incorporate vocabulary from other languages, and the acceptability of various English dialects.
[分析]从通篇结构判断，本句是全文讨论的重点内容，后面诸段都围绕该句中各关键表达进行，因此该句是全文框架性内容。
铅笔加工4. The world is in transition, and the English language will take new forms.
[分析]该句为段落首句，为全段中心句，也是全文话题下讨论的主要内容之一，因此是全文框架性内容。
5. It belongs to whoever uses it for whatever purpose or need.
[分析]本部分为全文最后一段最后一句，在对全文总结的基础上提出了对英语的展望，是
全文框架性内容。
二、支持性细节表达部分
这部分内容为主要点的重要支持性细节，是综述的次要点信息。
1. In science, English replaced German after World War II. With this technical and scientific dominance came the beginning of overall linguistic dominance, first in Europe and then globally.
[分析]本句从历史角度具体阐释英语发展科技方面的原因, 有力支持了原文主要观点，因此是重要的支持性细节。
宣传委员竞选稿
2. Computer-mediated communication encourages more informal conversational language and a tolerance for diversity and individual style, and has resulted in Internet English replacing the authority of language institutes and practices.
[分析]本句从目前科技发展的状况具体阐释了英语发展的原因，有力支持了原文主要观点，因此是重要的支持性细节。
3. English, like many languages, uses a phonetic alphabet and fairly basic syntax. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary.
[分析]本句从语言特质角度分析了英语发展的原因，有力支持了原文主要观点，因此是重要的支持性细节。
4. It has cognates from virtually every language in Europe and has borrowed and continues to borrow words from other languages. This language characteristic makes it unique in history.
[分析]本句有理有据地分析了全文框架性内容中英语从其它语言吸收词汇的观点，内容概括适度，结论具有说服力，是重要的支持性细节。
5. And there is no English language central authority to guard the purity of the language, therefore, many dialects have developed.
[分析]本句位于段首，是本段中心句，亦概括解释了方言对英语发展的推动作用，因此是重要的支持性细节。
6. Thus, each country that speaks the language can inject aspects of its own culture into the usage and vocabulary.
[分析]本句位于段尾，通过信号词Thus可判断，本句是该段的总结句，概括全段内容，因此是重要的支持性细节。
7. The language and how it is used will change, reflecting patterns of contact with other languages and the changing communication needs of people.
[分析]本句紧接段落中心句，是对该句的进一步解释和阐述，而该段中心句内容也是全文框架性内容之一，因此本句是重要的支持性细节。
8. English is divesting itself of its political and cultural connotations.
档案管理方法[分析]本句位于最后一段段首，简明扼要说明了英语未来发展趋势的原因，因此是重要的支持性细节。
9. It is a vehicle that is used globally and will lead to more opportunities.
[分析]本句简单说明了英语未来发展的趋势，为全文结论的得出提供了有力证据，因此是重要的支持性细节。
【录音原文】
The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language, by its depth of penetration into societies and by its range of functions.
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