1. 音节概念
在英语单词中元音特别响亮，一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节，所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词，有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词，三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。
例：
双音节词：go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught
双音节词：teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comment , open
多音节词：exercise, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity
modernization
注：一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。
2. 单词重音
在英语的双音节以上的单词中，有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节，我们称为重读音节，国际音标上
标有“′”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。
例：Sunday [’sʌndi] begin [bi’ɡin]
3. 开音节
开音节一共有两种：
一种叫绝对开音节，即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。
例：go [ɡəʊ], he [hi:], no [nəʊ], we [wi:], who [hu:]
另一种叫做相对开音节，即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母（r 除外）再加一个不发音的字母e。
例：make [meik], note [nəʊt], these [ði:z], like [laik], use [ju:z]
发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上，该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。
例：bad [bæd], thank [θæŋk], desk [desk], sit [sit], stick [stik], fog [fɒɡ], shop [ʃɒp]; sun [sʌn], must [mʌst]
5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音
A a [ei], Ee [i:], Ii [ai], Oo [əʊ], Uu [ju:]
例：take [teik], late [leit], he [hi:], theme [θi:m], time [taim], nice [nais], no [nəʊ]; joke [jəʊk], tune [tju:n], cute [kju:t];
6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音
A a [æ], Ee [e], Ii [i], Oo [ɒ], Uu [ʌ]
例：lamp [læmp], plan [plæn], well [wel], best [best], mill [mil], wish [wiʃ], hot [hɒt]; drop [drɒp], club [clʌb], but [bʌt]
7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则
1）A a
开音节中多读 [ei] 字母本身的音。 词例：name, plane, cake, take;
但have中却发 [æ]
重读闭音节中多读 [æ]。 词例：bad, lamp, tank, cat, map
a 的前面是辅音[w]时读作[ɒ]。 词例：want, wash, what, quality
a 的后面是 ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作[a:]。 词例：class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command
2) E e
开音节中多读 [i:] 字母本身的音 词例：he, she, be, these
重读闭音节中多读 [e]。词例：pen, yes, well, desk, best
3) I i (y)
开音节中多读 [ai] 字母本身的音 词例：like, time, bike, why,
但give和 live中却发 [i]
重读闭音节中多读 [i]。词例：stick, ship, big, mill
词尾是-nd和 -ld时，i 可读作[ai] 词例：kind, find, child
4) O o
开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例：no, home, joke, smoke, joke
但to, do, who, move, shoe中却发 [u:]
重读闭音节中多读 [ɒ]。词例：hot, fog, shop, long, drop
词尾是-st和 -ld时，o 可读作[əʊ] 词例：most, post, bold, cold, 例外both, comb
o的后面是 m, n, v, th 时，可读作[ʌ] 词例：son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother
5）U u
开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例：use, tune, cute, mule
u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作[u:] 词例：blue, rule, true, June
重读闭音节中多读 [ʌ] 或[u]。词例：sun, but, club, must, full, put
但truth, busy中却发 [u:]
8. -r 音节-re音节的读音规则
ar 常读作[a:] 词例：car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward却读[ɔ:]
er常读作[з:] 词例：verb, term, serve, stern;
ir常读作[з:] 词例：girl, first, shirt, bird
or常读作[ɔ:] 词例：horse, short, north, sport; 但word, work, world却读[з:]
ur常读作[з:] 词例：burn, nurse, hurt, fur
are常读作[eə] 词例：care, dare, stare, rare
ere常读作[iə]或[eə] 词例：mere, here, there, were; 但were 却读[з:]
ore常读作[ɔ:] 词例：more, wore, sore, store
ire常读作[aiə] 词例：fire, tire, hire, mire
ure常读作[juə]或[uə] 词例：pure, cure, manure, sure
9. 元音字母组合的读音规则
1）a+其它字母
al 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：ball, walk, talk, walk, also,
其后有f 或m 时可读[a:] 例：half, calm, palm
au 和augh 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter s开头的英文单词
例外：laugh [a:]
aw常读作[ɔ:] 词例：law, saw, claw, awful
ai 和ay常读作[ei] 词例：wait, main; day, play
air 和are常读作[eə] 词例：hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share
2）e+其它字母
ea常读作[i:] 或[e] 词例：meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread
例外：great, break读作 [ei]
ee常读作[i:] 词例：meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,need
ei和 ie常读作[i:] 词例：field, piece, ceiling, receive
有时ei 和ey一样。读作[ei] 词例：eight, neighbor; prey, grey
例外：friend, 读作[e] height读作[ai], review读作 [ju:]
ew常读作[ju:] 词例：new, few, dew.
ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面读作[u:] 词例：blew, crew, Jew
ear常读作[iə] 词例：hear, dear, tear;
有时读[eə] 词例：bear, wear, pear
后面有辅音字母时读作[з:] 词例：learn, pearl, early, earth
例外：heart, 读作[a:] year读作[jə]
eer常读作[iə] 词例：deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer
3）o+其它字母
oa常读作[əʊ] 词例：coat, boat, soap, float
oi和oy常读作[ɔi] 词例：oil, voice, point; boy, joy
oul 常读作[ʊ] 词例：could, would, should
oo 常读作[u:] 词例：food, tooth, spoon, school, moon
例外：foot, good, stood, 读作[ʊ] ; blood, flood读作[ʌ]
oo 后面是k时读作[ʊ] 词例：book, look, cook, brook
oor和 oar 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：door, floor; board, coarse
例外：poor, 读作[uə]
ou 常读作[au]或 [ʌ] 词例：loud, house, mouth; young, touch, country, trouble
例外：group, 读作[u:], youth 读作[ju:], soul, 读作[əʊ]
ough 常读作[ɔ:] 词例：bouught, fought, thought
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