The Academy Award (informally known as the Oscar) is an accolade by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers. The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world and is televised live in more than 200 countries annually. It is also the oldest award ceremony in the media; its equivalents, the Grammy Awards (for music), Emmy Awards (for television), and Tony Awards (for theatre) are modeled after the Academy.
学院奖（奥斯卡的正式名称）是由美国电影艺术与科学学院（AMPAS）为表彰电影业，包括导演，演员，作家和优秀的专业人才而设置的奖项。奖项主办的正式仪式，是世界上最突出的颁奖典礼之一，颁奖盛况每年在200多个国家直播。这也是在媒体上最古老的颁奖典礼，与其等值的格莱美奖（音乐），艾美奖（电视），托尼奖（戏剧演出）都是以它为蓝本的。
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Oscar Awards
Current Awards
Some awards are for a film as a whole, some are for an aspect of a film.
Best Picture – 1928 to present
Best Leading Actor – 1928 to present
Best Leading Actress – 1928 to present
Best Supporting Actor – 1936 to present
Best Supporting Actress – 1936 to present
Best Animated Feature – 2001 to present
Best Art Direction – 1928 to present (also called Interior or Set Decoration)
Best Cinematography – 1928 to present
Best Costume Design – 1948 to present
Best Director – 1928 to present
Best Documentary Feature
Best Documentary Short Subject
Best Film Editing – 1935 to present
Best Foreign Language Film – 1947 to present
Best Makeup – 1981 to present
Best Original Song – 1934 to present
Best Original Score – 1934 to present
Best Animated Short Film – 1931 to present
Best Live Action Short Film – 1931 to present
Best Sound Mixing – 1930 to present
Best Sound Editing – 1963 to present
Best Visual Effects – 1939 to present
Best Adapted Screenplay – 1928 to present
Best Original Screenplay – 1940 to present
Retired Awards
Best Assistant Director – 1933 to 1937
Best Dance Direction – 1935 to 1937, 1962
Best Engineering Effects – 1928 only
Best Score -- Adaptation or Treatment
Best Original Musical or Comedy Score
Best Short Film - Color – 1936 and 1937
Best Short Film - Live Action - 2 Reels – 1936 to 1956
Best Short Film - Novelty – 1932 to 1935
Best Original Story – 1928 to 1956
Best Unique and Artistic Quality of Production – 1928 only
In the first year of the awards, the Best Director category was split into separate Drama and Comedy categories. At times, the Best Original Score category has been split into separate Drama and Comedy/Musical categories. Today, the Best Original Score category is one category. From the 1930s through the 1960s, the Cinematography, Art Direction, and Costume Design awards were split into separate categories for black and white and color films.
Special Awards
These awards are voted on by special committees, rather than by the Academy membership as a whole.
Current Awards
Academy Honorary Award – 1928 to present
Academy Special Achievement Award
Academy Award, Scientific or Technical – 1931 to present at three levels
The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award – 1938 to present
The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
Gordon E. Sawyer Award
Retired Awards
Academy Juvenile Award – 1934 to 1954
奥斯卡奖项(the Award Category)
入围者 the Entrants
提名 Nomination
提名者 the Nominees
最佳影片 Best Motion Picture
最佳导演 Best Director
61届艾美奖最佳男主角Best(Leading)Actor
最佳女主角Best(Leading)Actress
最佳男配角Best Supporting Actor
最佳女配角Best Supporting Actress
最佳外语片Best Foreign Film
最佳艺术指导Best Arts/Set Direction
最佳摄影Best Cinematography
最佳服装设计Best Costume Design
最佳视觉特效Best Visual Effects
最佳原创剧本Best Original Screenplay
最佳改编剧本Best Adapted Screenplay
最佳原创音乐Best Original Score
最佳原创歌曲Best Original Song
最佳剪接Best Film Editing
最佳音效Best Sound
最佳音效剪接Best Sound Editing
最佳化妆Best Make-up
最佳动画短片Best Animated Short Subject
最佳纪录长片Best Documentary Feature
最佳纪录短片Best Documentary Short Feature
最佳剧情短片Best Live Action Short Film
对于那些事业有成的电影人士还会授予特殊奖或荣誉奖 Special/Honorary Awards。
奥斯卡金像奖奖项简介
最佳影片奖（BEST FILM AWARD）
该奖从第1届起到57届为止，一直未有变动，只是提名影片的数目有多有少。最多的是第7届，被提名的影片一共有12部。第5至第16届，提名片都在10部以上。此后每届最佳影片都从5部提名影片中评出。
最佳表演奖（BEST PERFOMANCE AWARD）
该奖项分最佳男主角、女主角奖和最佳男配角、女配角奖4项。最佳表演奖最早只设有男、女主角奖两项，从1936年第9届起才设有男、女配角奖。
最佳导演奖（BEST DIRECTOR AWARD）
该奖由美国导演公会的全体会员提名，由电影艺术与科学学院的导演部门现任会员最后投票选举。
最佳剧本奖（BEST SCREENPLAY AWARD）
该奖项又分为创作剧本奖与改编剧本奖两项，它们的提名与最后投票选举均与最佳导演奖相同。经历几次变动之后，从1957年度起，剧本奖改为“最佳创作剧本”奖和“最佳改编剧本”奖。
最佳摄影奖（BEST CINEAMATOGAPHY AWARD）
该奖项50多年来并无多大的变动，在1938年度第11届之前，仅设一项摄影奖。从1939年到1956年，分为黑白与彩两项。到1957年两者合并为一项摄影奖。次年又分为黑白和彩两项。到1967年，由于黑白片产量巨减，上述分类逐渐被取消。从那时起，摄影奖只设一项。