2012-2021年晋宁区梅毒流行特征分析
【摘要】  目的  了解晋宁区梅毒流行特征,为制定晋宁区梅毒防治措施提供依据。方法  对2012-2021年晋宁区梅毒疫情资料进行回顾性描述分析。结果  2012-2021年晋宁区共报告梅毒病例894例,梅毒报告发病率由2012 年28.35/10 万增至2019年42.34/10 万,年均增长5.89%;男女性别比例为0.97∶1;病例以(20 ~ 49)岁性活跃期青壮年为主,占67.67%,以隐性梅毒为主占94.97%;职业以农民最多,占65.44%。结论  2012-2019年晋宁区梅毒发病率呈逐年上升趋势,2020年、2021年呈下降趋势,但疫情仍较严重,应积极开展规范诊疗,进一步加强重点人的梅毒监测和筛查工作,有针对性地开展大众健康教育宣传和行为干预,控制梅毒的传播。
【关键词】梅毒;流行特征;分析
Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of syphilisinJinning District from 2012 to 2021
WANG Xue-fen
Jinning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650600,Yunnan Province,China
[Abstract] Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Jinning District, and to provide a basis for the formulation of syphilis prevention and control measures in Jinning District. Methods A retrospective descriptive analysis of syphilis epidemic data in Jinning District from 2012-2021 was conducted. Results From 2012 to 2021, a total of 894 syphilis cases were reported in Jining District, and the reported incidence of syphilis increased from 28.35/105 in 2012 to 42.34/105 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 5.89%. The ratio of the male to the female was 0.97:1; the majority of cases were among sexually active young adults (20 to 49 years old), accounting for 67.67%, and 94.97% of cases were latent syphilis; the occupation of farmers was the most common, accounting for 65.44%. Conclusion The incidence of syphilis in Jinning District from 2012 to 2019 showed a gradually increasing trend year by year, and a decreasing trend in 2020 and 2021, but the epidemic is still serious, so standardized treatment should be actively carried out, the syphilis surveillance and scree
ning in vulnerable populations should be further strengthened, and targeted public health education and propaganda and behavioral interventions should be launched to control the spread of syphilis.
Keywordssyphilis;epidemiological characteristics;analyze
梅毒(Syphilis)是由梅毒螺旋体引起的一种慢性传染病,主要通过性接触传播。早期主要侵犯皮肤黏膜,晚期可侵犯血管、中枢神经系统及全身各器官,是一种复杂的全身性疾病[1]。近年,我国梅毒报告病例数快速增长,居甲乙类传染病发病排序第3位,已成为重要的公共卫生和社会问题之一李倩资料[2],且梅毒由梅毒螺旋体感染引起,难度大,周期长,社会上存量病例逐年增多,传染源规模日益庞大,已形成所谓的“滚雪球”效应[3]。为了解晋宁区近10年来梅毒发病趋势和流行特征,探讨其防控策略和措施,现对晋宁区2012-2021年梅毒病例进行流行病学特征分析。
1  资料与方法
1.1 资料来源  2012-2021年晋宁区梅毒疫情资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统-传染病监测;人口资料来自晋宁区统计局。
1.2  诊断标准  2011-2017 年报告的梅毒病例诊断依照原卫生部颁布的《梅毒诊断标准(WS273-2007)》执行,2018 年后报告的梅毒病例诊断依据国家卫生健康委员会颁布的《梅毒诊断(WS273-2018)》执行。
1.3  病例统计  统计已审核现住址属晋宁区的2012—2021年梅毒确诊病例。
1.4  统计方法  采用描述流行病学方法对晋宁区2012—2021 年梅毒疫情资料进行统计分析。采用Excel 2007软件对数据进行统计,采用SPSS 27.0 软件对数据进行分析,以P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2  结果
2.1  时间分布
2012—2021 年晋宁区累计报告梅毒894例,年均报告发病率为31.67/10 万,报告发病率2019年最高(42.34/10万)、2021年最低(26.54/10万)。2012-2019年年均报告发病率总体呈上升趋势,年均增长5.89%;2020-2021年年均报告发病率呈下降趋势。2012-2021年年均报告发病率差异有统计学意义(X2=23.75,P<0.005)。见图1。