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英语四级图表作文的类型及参考文
图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来看一看图表作文的类型。第一节图表作文的类型
图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。
表作文
表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比拟。表格常由标题(Title)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)局部(表格的其余局部)等局部组成。如下表：
用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意出表格中各个工程的相互关系，表格中各个工程的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的容。
图作文
图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。
(1) 圆形图作文
圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比拟形象和直观，各局部空间大小差异容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.
(2) 曲线图作文
曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的开展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：
这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39)，此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见，1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。
(3) 条形图作文
条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度一样但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比拟几个工程或量时，常用不同颜来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)同一工程在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同工程的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：
左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy)，这一条形图想要表达的是同一工程(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，这一条形图想要表达的也是同一工程(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。左边的条形图说明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁，而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。
第二节图表作文的出题形式
我们先来看几个四(六)级考试中的图表作文的例子。
例1题目：Changes in People’s Diet (1991年6月四级试题)
Study the following table carefully and your position must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :
From: .hxen./CET46/CET4/zhenti/2007-10-16/15378.html1.
1.state the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
4. You should quote as few figures as possible.
文：From the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in people’s diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%.  What has caused the great changes in people’s diet" The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in people’s ine level. With the development of our so ciety, people are being richer and richer, which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in people’s diet consequently dropped.
四级作文多少分
So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a
better life than ever before. We are now able to purchase more delicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health.
例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991年6月6级试题)
Remember that your position must be written according to the following outline;
1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your position should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.
例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a position on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your position must be no less than 120 words and you should base your position on the following instructions (given in Chinese):
1. 以下列图为依据描述开展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况
2. 说明引起变化的各种原因
从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：
1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并出某种规律或趋势;
2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。