英语国际音标表（48个）
元音（20个）
长元音 | /ɑ:/ 啊（长音） | /ɔ:/ 奥（长音） | /ə:/ 额（长音） | /i:/ 一（长音） | /U:/ 屋（长音） | ||
| 学英语音标 短元音 | /ʌ/ 阿 | /ɔ/ 奥 | /ə/ 额 | /ɪ/ 一 | /U:/ 屋 | /e/ 挨 | /æ/ 挨 |
/eɪ/ 和拼音的“ei”一样 | /aɪ/ 挨 | /ɔɪ/ 外 | |||||
双元音 | /ɪə/ 一而 | /eə/ 挨而 | /Uə/ 勿而 | ||||
/əU/ 欧 | /aU/ 袄 | ||||||
辅音（28个）
轻辅音 | /p/ 颇 | /t/ 特 | /k/ 克 | /f/ 佛 | /θ/ 四（咬舌音） | /s/ 四 |
浊辅音 | /b/ 伯 | /d/ 得 | /g/ 个 | /v/ 勿 | /ð/ 字（咬舌音） | /z/ 自 |
轻辅音 | /ʃ/ 是 | /h/ 和 | /ts/ 差（ci） | /tʃ/ 迟 | /tr/ 缺 | |
浊辅音 | /ʒ/ 日 | /r/ 若 | /dz/ 资 | /dʒ/ 之 | /dr/ | |
鼻音 | /m/ 呣 | /n/ 呢 | /ŋ/ | |||
半元音 | /j/ 也 | / w/ 我 | 边音 | /ǀ/ 了 | ||
英语音标及字母组合对照
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | |
a | 在开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake | 1-01 |
在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | 1-02 | |
e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese | 1-03 |
在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | 1-04 | |
i | 在开音节中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite | 1-05 |
在闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | 1-06 | |
o | 在开音节中 | [ou] | those close go hoe home no | 1-07 |
在闭音节中 | [] | clock not box shop sock | 1-08 | |
u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday | 1-09 |
在闭音节中 | [] | bus cup jump much lunch | 1-10 | |
在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super | 1-11 | |||
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
a | [] | China another woman breakfast | 2-01 |
[i] | orange comrade village cabbage | 2-02 | |
e | [] | hundred student open weekend | 2-03 |
[i] | chicken pocket begin children | 2-04 | |
i | []/[i] | holiday beautiful family animal | 2-05 |
[ai] | exercise satellite | 2-06 | |
o | [] | second tonight somebody welcome | 2-07 |
[u] | also zero photo | 2-08 | |
u | [] | autumn diffcult | 2-09 |
[ju:] | popular congratulation January | 2-10 | |
1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate 2 u处在开音节位置， | 2-11 | ||
又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue | 2-12 | ||
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
a在[w]音后面 | [] | want what watch wash quality | 3-01 |
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | 3-02 |
i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high | 3-03 |
o在-st -ld前 | [ou] | most postcard old cold | 3-04 |
o在m n v th前 | [] | come monkey love mother | 3-05 |
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
ar ar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener | 4-01 |
[:] | warm quarter towards | 4-02 | |
or or在[w]音后面 | [:] | forty morning short | 4-03 |
[:] | word worker worse | 4-04 | |
er ir ur | [:] | certainly bird Thursday | 4-05 |
4-06 | |||
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday | 4-07 | ||
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
are | [ε] | care dare hare | 5-01 |
ere | [i] | here mere | 5-02 |
ire | [ai] | fire hire wire | 5-03 |
ore | [:] | more score before | 5-04 |
ure | [ju] | pure cure | 5-05 |
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure | 5-06 | ||
重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring | 5-07 | ||
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph | 5-08 | ||
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play | 6-01 |
air | [ε] | air hair chair pair repair | 6-02 |
al al在f m前 | [] | small ball talk wall all | 6-03 |
[:l] | always also salt almost | 6-04 | |
[α:] | half calm | 6-05 | |
au/aw | [:] | autumn daughter draw | 6-06 |
ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | 6-07 |
[e] | heavy bread sweater weather | 6-08 | |
[ei] | break great | 6-09 | |
ear | [i] | hear dear near clear year | 6-10 |
[ε] | bear pear wear swear | 6-11 | |
[:] | earth learn early | 6-12 | |
ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | 6-13 |
eer | [i] | pioneer deer beer | 6-14 |
ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they | 6-15 |
[i:] | either key | 6-16 | |
eu/ew在 j l r s后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | 6-17 |
[u:] | flew brew jewelry | 6-18 | |
ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive | 6-19 |
oa | [ou] | coat Joan boat goal | 6-20 |
oar/oor | [:] | roar board door floor | 6-21 |
oi/oy | [i] | noise point boy toilet | 6-22 |
oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | 6-23 |
[u] | book look cook foot good | 6-24 | |
ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | 6-25 |
[ou] | know row throw though | 6-26 | |
[] | young country enough | 6-27 | |
[u:] | group you soup | 6-28 | |
our | [:] | course your four | 6-29 |
[au] | our hour ours | 6-30 | |
[:] | journey | 6-31 | |
ui 在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition | 6-32 |
[u:] | juice fruit suit | 6-33 | |
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字的读音
元音字组或字 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sunday foreign monkey | 7-01 |
ow | [ou] | yellow sparrow tomorrow | 7-02 |
元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee | 7-03 | ||
-sion -tion | [n] | impression nation | 7-04 |
-sion在元音字母后 | [n] | vision decision occasion | 7-05 |
-tion在s后 | [n] | question suggestion | 7-06 |
-sten | [sn] | listen | 7-07 |
-stle | [sl] | whistle | 7-08 |
-sure | [] | pleasure measure | 7-09 |
-ture | [] | picture culture | 7-10 |
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如： everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[:] | 8-01 |
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[:] ＞ cupboard[] 碗柜 | 8-02 |
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
b | [b] | bike bus bag | 9-01 |
[/] | bomb tomb | 9-02 | |
c c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music | 9-03 |
[s] | face decide cinema | 9-04 | |
ch | [] | much chick rich teacher | 9-05 |
[k] | school headache chemistry | 9-06 | |
[] | machine Chicago | 9-07 | |
-ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock | 9-08 |
d | [d] | doctor bread hand day | 9-09 |
-dge | [] | bridge fridge | 9-10 |
dr- | [dr] | children driver drink | 9-11 |
f | [f] | five four breakfast | 9-12 |
g g在e i/y前 | [] | bag gardon go | 9-13 |
[] | orange large German | 9-14 | |
gh | [f] | cough enough | 9-15 |
[/] | light daughter high | 9-16 | |
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 | [] | guess league dialogue | 9-17 |
[w] | language anguish | 9-18 | |
h | [h] | hot head house hand | 9-19 |
[/] | hour honest | 9-20 | |
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