词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语、补足语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
典例导引 | 解题攻略 |
[2023·浙江高考1月卷] The term “hutong”，57.________ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. [分析] 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换。提示词为形容词，mean在此处是动词，应用副词修饰可确定，此处应该考虑词形转换。 第二步：确定转换形式。结合句意“‘胡同’一词最初在蒙古语中意为‘水井’，最早出现在元代。”可知，空处应用副词。 河北高考时间表安排2022[答案] __originally__ | 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换 提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，首先要考虑词形转换； 提示词为动词，且该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。 第二步：确定转换形式 据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词形转换形式。 |
技法1 提示词为动词的词形转换
提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词形转换。动词是转换成名词还是形容词，则根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。
典题试做 | 快捷思维 |
1.[2023·山东省滨州市二模]The skewers are 70～80 percent cooked before they are brought to the table, where diners can finish cooking them on their own stoves, which lends a sense of ________ (participate). 2.[2023·河北省邯郸市三模]Zou also mentioned the ________ (perform) of scientific experiments, like growing plants on the lunar surface, and the utilization of lunar resources, such as moon minerals and solar energy. 3.[2023·武汉市五月模拟]In 2019, the Chinese government had made a ________ (commit) to lift all of its 1.4 billion people out of poverty by 2020. 4.[2023·湖南省名校联盟5月冲刺压轴卷]“We have tried to make something that restores the villagers' pride in their local identity, as well as creating a local economic network，” says Xu Tiantian, ________ (found) of DNA. 5.[2023·济南市三模] Yellow River culture is a product of the material and spiritual advancement of the people living by the river throughout time. The local artistic ________ (create) are playing important roles in the Yellow River culture. 6.[2023·黄冈中学二模]“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together. Such ________ (wise) was unique to China，”Lv Qiuxia, an expert on ancient Chinese art, told the Global Times on Wednesday. 7.[2023·全国甲卷] However, Carson's theme is a more weighty ________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 8.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Xiaolongbao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 9.[2023·陕西省宝鸡市第十三次模考]Yang Zhenning, a ________ (respect) Nobel Prizewinning physicist, became the first ChineseAmerican scientist to return to China after the US just lifted the ban on visiting to China in 1971. 10.[2023·台州市第二次质量评估]With a history of more than 2，000 years, the Silk Route dates back to Han dynasty. Through this route, the Chinese highly ________ (qualify)silk made its fame to the western countries. | 1.动词转换为名词 (1)v.＋ion/tion/ation/sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为” celebrate→celebration 庆祝 compete→competition 比赛 pollute→pollution 污染 educate→education 教育 possess→possession 拥有 (2)v.＋ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果” develop→development 发展 announce→announcement 宣布 argue→argument 争论；论据 encourage→encouragement 鼓励 (3)v.＋r/er/or转换为名词，表示“人” perform→performer 表演者 settle→settler 移民者 educate→educator 教育家 direct→director 导演 visit→visitor 访问者 (4)v.＋ure转换为名词 fail→failure; mix→mixture； press→pressure; depart→departure (5)后缀th结尾的名词 grow→growth; die→death deep→depth; wide→width warm→warmth; true→truth (6)后缀ance/ence结尾的名词 exist→existence; guide→guidance (7)后缀al结尾的名词 arrive→arrival; approve→approval; survive→survival 2.动词转换为形容词 (1)v.＋able转换为形容词 accept→acceptable可接受的 adapt→adaptable能适应的 adjust→adjustable可调节的 afford→affordable负担得起的 (2)v.＋ed/ing转换为形容词 confuse→confused感到困惑的 excite→exciting令人激动的；令人兴奋的 (3)v.＋ive转换为形容词 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive有教育意义的 (4)v.＋ful/less转换为形容词 doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 hope→hopeless 不抱希望的 |
技法2 提示词为名词的词形转换
典题试做 | 快捷思维 |
1.[2023·浙江高考1月卷]Thanks to Beijing's long history 63.as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ________ (event)． 2.[2023·河北省邯郸市三模]These objectives mainly involve studying the moon's evolution (进化), exploring star formation and ________ (activity), and observing the sun and Earth from the moon. 3.[2023·济宁市高考模拟]________ (human) are most happy and healthy when this energy is harmonious and balanced. Following treatment, you'll feel incredibly relaxed and calm. 4.[2023·河北省邯郸市三模]Zou Yongliao, head of the lunar and deep space exploration division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, revealed the goals at a recent ________ (nation) space conference. 5.[2022·全国甲卷]Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning)． 6.[2023·山东省实验中学第二次模拟] This ________ (influence) status has caused the IOC to make English one of the official languages. 7.[2023·全国甲卷]________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 8.[2023·湖北省高三调研]The parks are expected to cover 10 percent of the ________ (country) land area and preserve more than 80 percent of the key national protected wild plant and animal species. 9.[2023·辽宁省沈阳市二模] To make this tea, the tea trees and fruit trees are planted together. The practice, passed down from ancestors, guarantees the ________ (tea) fruity and sweet taste. | 1.名词的单复数 若提示词名词有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数： (1)有数词或these, those, several, few, many, all, both, various, different等词修饰时，用名词的复数形式； (2)名词前有one of时，用名词的复数形式； (3)若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。 2.名词转换为形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀： (1)n.＋able honor→honorable 可敬的 (2)n.＋al nature→natural 自然的；天生的 music→musical 音乐的；悦耳的 (3)n.＋ful colour→colourful 颜鲜艳的 meaning→meaningful有意义的 (4)n.＋en wood→wooden 木质的 (5)n.＋y wealth→wealthy 富有的 3.名词的所有格 提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。 (1)单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's； (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。 |
1．名词变复数的规则
(1)大部分单数可数名词变为复数一般直接加s；如果是以ch, sh, s, x等结尾的单词，则一般加es：trees, bikes, books, buses, watches, boxes, bushes；
(2)辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es；但元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加s：babies, families; boys, plays；
(3)以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro, hero)、两菜(tomato, potato)加es外，其余一般加s：radios, photos；
(4)以f或fe结尾的单词，通常变f, fe为v再加es：wives, knives, wolves。
2．名词变复数的不规则变化
(1)man→men, woman→women, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, child→children, mouse→mice；
(2)单复数同形：Chinese, Japanese, people, sheep, deer, fish。
技法3 提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
典题试做 | 快捷思维 |
1.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]No matter where I buy them, though，one steamer basket is ________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 65.wanting more next time. 2.[2022·全国乙卷]As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest teaproducing country, China has a ________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 3.[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]So, what are they learning? ________ (basic), how to describe a panda's life. 4.[2023·山东省泰安市三模] The new ebook says ChatGPT4 will become ________ (extreme) useful to doctors. 5.[2023·湖南省郴州市三模]Best of all, the new thermoregulatory material is inexpensive to produce, and very environmentally friendly as it is durable and ________ (easy) reusable. 6.[2023·衡水中学第五次综合素养测评]In ancient times, fireworks weren't always ________ (wide) affordable. So people in Nuanquan made use of scrap iron and developed Da Shuhua as a way to celebrate festivals. 7.[2023·石家庄市教学质量检测三]As a boy, I spent much time in London. One of the joys was spending weekends bicycling to Kew Gardens, famous for housing the world's ________ (large) greenhouses. 8.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring！ 9.[2023·山东省泰安市三模]Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought a far ________ (much) powerful tool to assist with medical diagnoses—ChatGPT4. | 1.形容词、副词的词形转换 (1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词； (2)若空处作定语、表语则应考虑用形容词形式； (3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式； (4)若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。 2.形容词变副词的规则 (1)以e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加ly：immediate→immediately, brave→bravely。 (2)一些以e结尾的形容词去e加(l)y：true→truly, simple→simply, gentle→gently, possible→possibly。 (3)“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变y为i，再加ly：happy→happily, easy→easily。 (4)以ic结尾的形容词加ally：economic→economically, basic→basically。 3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 (1)利用标志词确定比较等级 ①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级； ②空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时用最高级； ③空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。 (2)利用固定句型 “the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。 (3)利用隐含信息判断 句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。 |
技法4 提示词为代词的词形转换
典题试做 | 快捷思维 |
1.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Nanxiang aside, the best xiaolongbao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents. 2.Jiuzhaigou got ________ (it) name because there are nine Tibetan villages in the valley. 3.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs, the tiniest and coolest ________ (one) out there. | 提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。具体方法如下： (1)分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格形式； (2)分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，应考虑人称代词的宾格形式； (3)分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，应考虑形容词性物主代词； (4)分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词。 |
技法5 提示词为数词的词形转换
典题试做 | 快捷思维 |
1.[2023·全国甲卷]Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the wellknown Aesop's fables date to the ________ (six) century B．C. 2.[2023·邯郸市第二次模拟] The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called la yue, so the ________ (eight) day of this lunar month is la yue chu ba, or laba. 3.[2023·河北省高三4月联考]Jingzhe is the ________ (three) solar term of the 24 terms defined by the traditional Chinese calendar. 4.[2023·湖南省百所学校联考]The junk floats around ________ (hundred) of kilometers above the earth. Experts say the main worry is that such debris will hit a space station, satellite or other equipment. 5.It is known to all that there were two world wars in the ________ (twenty) century, which greatly changed the world situation. 6.[2023·杭州市二模]There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late ________ (eighty)． 7.Back in the ________ (ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season. | 1.基数词变序数词 (1)一般由基数词加th构成： six→sixth seven→seventh ten→tenth hundred→hundredth (2)以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加th： twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth (3)不规则变化： one→first two→second three→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth 2.年龄、年代表达法 (1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁时； (2)表达“在几十年代时”，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in the thirties 在三十年代。 |
随堂落实·创新应用体验
[2023·辽宁省沈阳市二模]In China, there are 44 nationallevel intangible cultural heritage items related 1.________ tea, including the art of making Biluochun, 2.________ type of green tea. With a history of about 1，000 years, Biluochun, 3.________ translates as “green spiral spring (碧螺春)”， is made from tender tea shoots. It is known for its spirallike 4.________ (appear).
To make this tea, the tea trees and fruit trees 5.________ (plant) together. The practice, passed down from ancestors, guarantees the 6.________ (tea) fruity and sweet taste.
Traditionally，Biluochun is produced 7.________ (entire) by hand. About 1 kilogram of leaves 8.________ (pick) from a big tea tree produce only 0.1 kilogram of tea after processing.
Biluochun must be processed soon after. Tender tea shoots are placed in a heated iron pan and stirred (搅拌) quickly. A person needs to be particularly attentive 9.________ (adjust) th
e level of heat to judge the condition of the tea by smell. Next 10.________ (come) the shaping process. By stirring, shaking and rubbing the tea leaves in the pan at 100℃， they begin to dry and develop a spiral form. The entire process usually takes about 40 minutes. Every minute matters, or the tea will not taste good.
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