冶金专业词汇
1 总论
采矿mining
地下采矿underground mining
露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining
采矿工程mining engineering
选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing
矿物工程mineral engineering
冶金（学）metallurgy
过程冶金（学）process metallurgy
提取冶金（学）extractive metallurgy
化学冶金（学）chemical metallurgy
物理冶金（学）physical metallurgy
金属学Metallkunde
冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy
冶金反应工程学metallurgical reaction engineering 冶金工程metallurgical engineering
钢铁冶金（学）ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel
有冶金(学)nonferrous metallurgy
真空冶金(学)vacuum metallurgy
等离子冶金(学)plasma metallurgy
微生物冶金(学)microbial metallurgy
喷射冶金(学)injection metallurgy
钢包冶金(学)ladle metallurgy
二次冶金(学)secondary metallurgy
机械冶金(学)mechanical metallurgy
焊接冶金(学)welding metallurgy
粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy
铸造学foundry
火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy
湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy
电冶金(学)electrometallurgy
氯冶金(学)chlorine metallurgy
矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineral
resources
中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals 中国有金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China
2 采矿
采矿工艺mining technology
有用矿物valuable mineral
冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials 矿床mineral deposit
特殊采矿specialized mining
海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining
矿田mine field
矿山mine
露天矿山surface mine
地下矿山underground mine
矿井shaft
矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration
矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study
矿山规模mine capacity
矿山生产能力mine production capacity
矿山年产量annual mine output
矿山服务年限mine life
矿山基本建设mine construction
矿山建设期限mine construction period
矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity
开采强度mining intensity
矿石回收率ore recovery ratio
矿石损失率ore loss ratio
工业矿石industrial ore
采出矿石extracted ore
矿体orebody
矿脉vein
海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources
矿石ore
矿石品位ore grade
岩石力学rock mechanics
岩体力学rock mass mechanics
3 选矿
选矿厂concentrator, mineral processing plant
工艺矿物学process mineralogy
开路open circuit
闭路closed circuit
流程flowsheet
方框流程block flowsheet
产率yield
回收率recovery
矿物mineral
粒度particle size
粗颗粒coarse particle
细颗粒fine particle
超微颗粒ultrafine particle
粗粒级coarse fraction
细粒级fine fraction
网目mesh
原矿run of mine, crude
精矿concentrate
粗精矿rough concentrate
混合精矿bulk concentrate
最终精矿final concentrate
尾矿tailings
粉碎comminution
破碎crushing
磨碎grinding
团聚agglomeration
筛分screening, sieving
分级classification
富集concentration
分选separation
手选hand sorting
重选gravity separation, gravity concentration 磁选magnetic separation
电选electrostatic separation
浮选flotation
化学选矿chemical mineral processing
自然铜native copper
铝土矿bauxite
冰晶石cryolite
磁铁矿magnetite
赤铁矿hematite
假象赤铁矿martite
钒钛磁铁矿vanadium titano-magnetite
铁燧石taconite
褐铁矿limonite
菱铁矿siderite
镜铁矿specularite
硬锰矿psilomelane 软锰矿pyrolusite
铬铁矿chromite
黄铁矿pyrite
钛铁矿ilmennite
金红石rutile
萤石fluorite
高岭石kaolinite
菱镁矿magnesite
重晶石barite
石墨graphite
石英quartz
方解石calcite
石灰石limestone
白云石dolomite
云母mica
石膏gypsum
硼砂borax
石棉asbestos
蛇纹石serpentine
阶段破碎stage crushing
粗碎primary crushing
中碎secondary crushing
细碎fine crushing
对辊破碎机roll crusher
粉磨机pulverizer
震动筛vibrating screen
筛网screen cloth
筛孔screen opening
筛上料oversize
筛下料undersize
粗磨coarse grinding
细磨fine grinding
球磨机ball mill
衬板liner
分级机classifier
自由沉降free setting
沉积sedimentation
石灰lime
松油pine oil
硫化钠sodium sulfide
硅酸钠（水玻璃）sodium silicate, water glass 过滤filtration
过滤机filter
给矿，给料feeding
给矿机feeder
在线分析仪on line analyzer
在线粒度分析仪on line size analyzer
超声粒度计ultrasonic particle sizer, supersonic particle sizer
4 冶金过程物理化学
4.1 冶金过程热力学
冶金过程热力学thermodynamics of metallurgical processes
统计热力学statistical thermodynamics
不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes
化学热力学chemical thernodynamics
表面热力学surface thermodynamics
合金热力学thermodynamics of alloys
冶金热力学数据库thermodynamics databank in metallurgy
系system
单元系single-componentsystem
多元系multicomponent system
均相系统homogeneous system
广度性质extensive property
强度性质intensive property
过程process
等温过程isothermal process
等压过程isobaric process
等容过程isochoric process
绝热过程adiabatic process
可逆过程reversible process
不可逆过程irreversible process
自发过程spontaneous process
自理过程physical process
化学过程chemical process
冶金过程metallurgical process
化学反应chemical reaction
化合反应combination reaction
分解反应decomposition reaction
置换反应displacement reaction
可逆反应reversible reaction
不可逆反应irreversible reaction
电化学反应electrochemical reaction
多相反应multiphase reaction
固态反应solid state reaction
气一金(属)反应gas-metal reaction
渣一金（属）反应slag-metal reaction
平衡equilibrium
化学平衡chemical equilibrium 相平衡phase equilibrium
热力学平衡thermodynamic equilibrium
亚稳平衡metastable equilibrium
热力学函数thermodynamic function
偏摩尔量partial molar quantity
总摩尔量integral molar quantity
标准态standard state
焓enthalpy
生成焓enthalpy of formation
反应焓enthalpy of reaction
熵entropy
吉布斯能Gibbs energy
生成吉布斯能Gibbs energy of formation 反应吉布斯能Gibbs energy of reaction
溶解吉布斯能Gibbs energy of solution
吉布斯能函数Gibbs energy function
化学位chemical potential
热化学thermochemistry
热效应heat effect
热容heat capacity
熔化热heat of fusion
汽化热heat of vaporization
升华热heat of sublimation
相变热heat of phase transformation
放热反应exothermic reaction
吸热反应endothermic reaction
赫斯定律Hess’s law
相律phase rule
相图phase diagram
一元相图single-component phase diagram 二元相图binary-component phase diagram 三元相图ternary-component phase diagram 液相线liquidus
固相线solidus
共晶点eutectic point
杠杆规则lever rule
溶液solution
溶质solute
溶剂solvent
固溶体solid solution
溶液浓度concentration of solution
摩尔分数mole fraction
冶金熔体metallurgical melt
金属熔体metal melt
(炉)渣，熔渣slag
熔盐molten salt, fused salt
理想溶液ideal solution
真实溶液real solution
正规溶液regular solution
活度activity
活度系数activity coefficient
拉乌尔定律Raoult’s law
亨利定律Henry’s law
纯物质标准态pure substance standard
质量１％溶液标准(态)1 mass% solution standard 无限稀溶液参考态reference state of infinityly dilute solution
相互作用系数interaction coefficient
化学反应等温式chemical reaction isotherm
吉布斯～亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmholtz equation 质量作用定律law of mass action
平衡常数equilibrium constant
平衡值equilibrium value
直接还原direct reduction
间接还原indirect reduction
金属热还原metallothermic reduction
选择性氧化selective oxidation
渣碱度basicity of slag
光学破度optical basicity
酸性氧化物acid oxide
碱性氧化物basicoxide
两性氧化物amphoteric
泡沫渣foaming slag
熔渣的分子理论molecular theory of slag
熔渣的离子理论ionization theory of slag
脱氧平衡deoxidation equilibrium
脱氧常数deoxidation constant
熔渣脱硫desulfurization by slag
气态脱硫desulfurization in the gaseous state
硫分配比sulfur partition ratio
硫化物容量sulfide capacity
氧化脱磷dephosphorization under oxidizing atmosphere磷分配比
碳一氧平衡carbon-oxygen equilibrium
真空脱碳vacuum decarburization
去气degassing
去除非金属夹杂(物)elimination of nonmetallic inclusion
非金属夹杂(物)变形form modification of nonmetallic inclusion
脱硅desiliconization
脱锰demanganization 分配平衡distribution law
化学气相沉积chemical vapor deposition(CVD) 4.2 冶金过程动力学
微观动力学microkinetics
化学动力学chemical kinetics
反应途径reaction path
反应机理reaction mechanism
基元反应elementary reaction
平行反应parallel
链反应chain reaction
总反应overall reaction
反应速率reaction rate
反应速率常数reaction rate constant
反应级数reaction order
零级反应zero order reaction
一级反应first order reaction
二级反应second order reaction
n级反应nth order reaction
碰撞理论collision theory
活化能activation energy
表现活化能apparent activation energy
阿伦尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation
半衰期half-life
宏观动力学macrokinetics
冶金过程动力学kinetics of metallurgical process 传输现象transport phenomena
传质mass transfer
传热heat transfer
动量传输momentum transfer
层流laminar flow
湍流turbulent flow
气泡gas bubble
鼓泡bubbling
射流jet
液滴liquid droplet
粘度viscosity
边界层boundary layer
流率flow rate
通量flux
扩散diffusion
菲克第一扩散定律Fick’s 1st law of diffusion
菲克第一扩散定律Fick’s 2nd law of diffusion 扩散系数diffusion coefficient
传质系数mass transfer coefficient
热传导heat conduction
热对流heat convection
自然对流natural convection
强制对流forced convection
热辐射heat radiation
冶金专业导热率thermal conductivity
传热系数heat transfer coefficient
体内浓度bulk concentration
未反应核模型unreacted core model
扩散控制反应diffusion-controlled reaction 化学控制反应chenical-controlled reaction 混合控制反应mixed-controlled reaction 相似原理priciple of similarity
雷诺数Reynolds number
固定床fiexed bed
填充床packed bed
移动床moving bed
流态化床fluidized bed
混合时间mixing time
停留时间residence time, retention time
催化catalysis
催化剂catalyst
表面能surface energy
表面张力surface tension
界面能interfacial energy
界面张力interfacial tension
润湿wetting
表面活性物质surface-active substance
吸收absorption
吸附absorption
4.3 冶金电化学
冶金电化学metallurgical electrochemistry 熔盐电化学electrochemistry of fused salts 固态离子学solid state ionics
电解质溶液electrolyte solution
阳离子cation
阴离子anion
电导conductance
电导率conductivity
电阻resistance
电极electrode
阴极cathode
阳极anode
电镀electroplating
固体电解质solid electrolyte
稳定的氧化锆stablized zirconia
氧传感器oxygen sensor
硅传感器silicon sensor 定氧测头oxygen probe
定硅测头silicon probe
4.4 冶金物理化学研究方法
冶金物理化学研究方法research methods in metallurgical physical
chemistry
热电偶thermocouple
量热计calorimeter
热太平thermobalance
热分析thermal analysis
差热分析differential thermal analysis,DTA
热重法thermogravimetry
分子筛molecular sieve
5 钢铁冶金
5.1 炼焦
炼焦coking
高温炭化high temperature carbonization
塑性成焦机理plastic mechanism of coke formation 中间相成焦机理mesophase mechanism of coke formation
选煤coal preparation, coal washing
配煤coal blending
配煤试验coal blending test
炼焦煤coking coal
气煤gas coal
肥煤fat coal
瘦煤lean coal
焦炉coke oven
焦化室oven chamber
焦饼coke cake
结焦时间coking time
周转时间cycle time
装煤coal charging
捣固装煤stamp charging
推焦coke pushing
焦炭熄火coke quenching
干法熄焦dry quenching of coke
焦台coke wharf
装煤车larry car
推焦机pushing machine
拦焦机coke guide
熄焦车quenching car
焦炉焖炉banking for coke oven
焦炭coke
冶金焦metallurgical coke