题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.
1．
正确答案：Tax One of the most important taxes is income tax/which a person pays according to the amount of his income. /This is called a “direct” tax, /because it is paid in m
oney directly to the government. /Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, tobacco, wine and so on, /when they are brought into a country. /Such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are later sold in shops. /We call it “ indirect” tax, /because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeeper. 涉及知识点：听力
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
听力原文： College Studying Good morning. Today’s lecture is about college studying. It is well accepted both in theory and in practice that academically successful college students know how to study. Research suggests, however, that many students enter postsecondary institutions unprepared to meet the studying demands placed on them. This
lack of preparation can be traced, in part, to the “hidden curriculum” at the secondary level. That is, study strategies are “hidden” because teachers at all levels assume that their students already have a repertoire of studying behavior when they enter the classroom. We will mainly talk about the two factors related to effective studying and active learning. They are as follows: (2)First, course characteristics. The first factor that influences studying at the college level is a student’s ability to understand the situation or context. Many people describe context as the characteristics of a course, or the external factors that influence reading and studying. These external factors include the texts that are assigned and the academic tasks that are either tacitly or explicitly communicated by the professor. First, we will discuss the role of text. Early research examining text was mainly concerned with text structure. Currently, text research, as it is related to college studying, seems to be heading in two directions. (4)First, there has been a recent emphasis on how students approach text in a variety of domains, particularly in history and science, as well as on students’四级听力 beliefs about these texts. A second direction that currently is drawing interest examines lecture notes as texts, particularly how students attempt to organize and study th
ese texts as part of test preparation.(5)The results from these studies, which are helping to create a theory of note-taking beyond the encoding-storage perspective, strongly support the notion that college students should use generative strategies to interact with lecture notes. The second course-specific characteristic is academic tasks, the products students are asked to formulate and the operations or thinking processes they should use to do so. To be successful in their studying, students must understand the characteristics and nuances of academic tasks and then adjust their strategies accordingly. Current research on academic tasks has focused on two areas. Some researchers have investigated how tasks vary across domains.(7)Other studies have investigated academic tasks using case study methodology to describe the patterns of students’ interpretation of academic tasks, their choice of strategies, and their subsequent academic performance. (8)The second factor is characteristics of the learner. The important things to active learning are students’ prior knowledge, metacognitive abilities, motivational levels, and interest in what they are reading or studying. (9)Research has examined the role of prior knowledge in comprehension and learning into two periods: first generation of knowledge,
which lays the groundwork, and second generation of knowledge, which examines knowledge as it relates to social and cultural contexts. Moreover,(10)interest is key in determining how students process information, and that interesting information seems to be processed differently from uninteresting information. To sum up, we mainly discussed the research factors related to studying at the college level: course characteristics and learner characteristics. Thanks for your attention.
College StudyingI. The【T1】of preparation for college studying【T1】______—College studying is well accepted both in theory and in practice. —Study strategies are hidden because teachers assume that their students have already fully prepared.II. The factors related to effective studying and active learning1.【T2】characteristics【T2】______The first factor is a student’s ability to understand the situation orcontext.The【T3】factors include:【T3】______1)The texts—Early research was mainly concerned with text structure: —Current research heads in two directions:a)There has been a recent emphasis on how students approachtext in a variety of【T4】【T4】______b)College students should use【T5】strategies to interact with【T5】______lecture notes.2)The academic tas
ks—Students should understand their academic tasks and adjusttheir【T6】accordingly.【T6】______—Two focused areas:a)How tasks vary across domainsb)The use of【T7】methodology【T7】______2. Characteristics of【T8】【T8】______—prior knowledgea)First generation of knowledge: laying the【T9】【T9】______b)Second generation of knowledge: examining knowledge related to social and cultural contexts.—metacognitive abilities—motivational levels—【T10】: key to how information is processed【T10】______
2． 【T1】
正确答案：lack
解析：本题为要点题。此处考查讲座第一部分的主要内容：Research suggests，however，that many students enter postsecondary institutions unprepared to meet the studying demandsplaced on them．This lack of preparation can be traced，即研究显示，许多学生
没有准备就进入了高等教学机构，以这种状态面对加诸于他们的学习要求。这种缺乏准备是有迹可循的。故填入lack。 知识模块：听力
3． 【T2】
正确答案：Course
解析：本题为要点题。此处讲到影响高效学习和主动学习的两个因素之一：First，course characteristics．即课程的特征。因此填入Course。 知识模块：听力
4． 【T3】
正确答案：external
解析：本题为细节题。此处考查影响大学学习的外部因素：Many people describecontext as the characteristics of a course，or the external factors that influence reading andstudying．These external factors include the texts…and the academic tasks…即很多人把环境描述为课程的特征或影响阅读和学习的外部因素，这些外部因素包括文本和学术任务。因此填入external。 知识模块：听力
5． 【T4】
正确答案：domains
解析：本题为细节题。本题考查现今文本研究的两个方向之一：First，there has been arecent emphasis on how students approach text in a variety of domains，particularly in history andscience，as well as on students’ beliefs about these texts．即最近的研究都注重学生如何处理多种领域的文本，尤其是历史和科学领域，以及关注学生对这些文本的看法。故填入domains。 知识模块：听力
6． 【T5】
正确答案：generative
解析：本题为细节题。此处讲到现如今文本研究的第二个方向：The results fromthese studies…，strongly support the notion that college students should use generativestrategies to interact with lecture notes．即这些研究结果强烈支持大学生应该将生成策略与讲座笔记相互配合的观点。因此填入generative。 知识模块：听力
7． 【T6】
正确答案：strategies
解析：本题为细节题。讲座提到To be successful in their studying，students mustunderstand the characteristics and nuances of academic tasks and then adjust their strategiesaccordingly．即要想学业有成，学生们应该根据学术任务的特点和细微差别来调整他们的学习策略。故填入strategies。 知识模块：听力
8． 【T7】
正确答案：case study
解析：本题为细节题。此处讲到了案例研究：Other studies have investigatedacademic tasks using case study methodology…即其他研究则通过案例研究的方法。故填入case study。 知识模块：听力
9． 【T8】
正确答案：the learner
解析：本题为要点题。本题考查影响高效学习和主动学习的第二个因素：Thesecond factor is characteristics of the learner．即学习者的特点。故填入the learner。 知识模块：听力
10． 【T9】
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