题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.
听力原文： The message that the top performers in our society / are not the most skilled and shouldn’t be copied, / appears to be different from what we expected. / Yet this report says that those who appear to have achieved the most /are often the beneficiaries of luck, an external, random force. / Luck is often at work in the lives of the most successful, / which means their achievements aren’t completely attributable to their own skills. / The researcher advocates looking at those who are the second best. / Most of them aren’t relying on lucky chances, / so their performances offer an opportunity to measure real success. /
1． Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Successful People
正确答案： The message that the top performers in our society / are not the most skilled and shouldn’t be copied, / appears to be different from what we expected. / Yet this report says that those who appear to have achieved the most /are often the beneficiaries of luck, an external, random force. / Luck is often at work in the lives of the most successful, / which means their achievements aren’t completely attributable to their own skills. / The researcher advocates looking at those who are the second best. / Most of them aren’t relying on lucky chances, / so their performances offer an opportunity to measure real success. /
解析：本文主题：成功源自运气还是努力。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项调查研究的结果，那就是最成功的人往往是因为运气，而非技能。文中需要注意的较易拼错的单词有“external，random，attributable，opportunity”，需要注意时态和单复数的单词有“advocates，performers，beneficiaries”。 知识模块：听力
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
听力原文： Whale Falls Good morning, everyone! Today we are going to talk about a kind of marine mammal. Their calls can be haunting. Their size can take your breath away. And their worlds are dark and quiet. Yes, we are going to talk about whales, to be exact, something about the death of whales. There are many different species of these huge, war
m-blooded, air-breathing mammals that live in the sea. There is the blue whale and the killer whale, the humpback and the orca, just to name a few. According to several science websites, whales live a long time. There are many different species of whales and each has a different lifespan. The average lifespan, however, is about 50 years. In the wild whales live for a long time. Bowhead whales spend their lives in the cold Arctic waters. They may be the world’s oldest mammals, living possibly more than 200 years! As they lived, these giants of the sea die big. Before gases develop in the body, or carcass, of a dead whale it sinks to the ocean floor. This is called a “whale fall” and it supplies room and board, in other words, food and shelter, to thousands of ocean creatures for many decades. Scientists have only recently discovered just how many species live in a whale fall. This is mostly because of the difficulty in finding whale falls in the ocean. It is like trying to find a needle in a haystack, as we like to say. The smell of the dead whale brings the first stage of feeders — the traveling, or mobile scavengers. A wide variety of fish and sharks come from miles and miles to scavenge the dead whale’s soft flesh or tissue. This phase can last as short as several months to as long as two years. As you can imagine, th
ese first stage scavengers are messy eaters. Their feeding frenzies leave a thick layer of pieces of the whale, what scientists call biomaterial, on the sea floor. This is when the dinner bell rings for the second stage scavengers. During the second stage of decomposition strange creatures appear. Shrimp-like creatures, crustaceans such as crabs and mollusks eat the small pieces of whale tissue that has dropped to the ocean floor. Hairy worms are also part of this stage. They feed on the whalebones making the whale carcass look like a carpet - a moving, living carpet. This phase can last up to two years. The third and final stage is the longest. It can last for decades. The flesh of the whale has long been eaten. But even the bones support life. As the whale bones decay, they produce sulfide, a type of gas. This gas supports a rich variety of life. Worms, mussels and several types of clams live off the gas that the whalebones give off. Researchers found more than 30, 000 animals totaling more than 200 species on one, single whale skeleton. Scientists who have studied the life of a whale fall found that the community of life and rare species of this final stage is larger than any known community on the deep seafloor. Ok, having talked so much about the stages of a whale fall, I hope that you can have a complete picture of what a whale fall is and understand that whales never die on the ocean floor.
Whale Falls 1. The whale is a kind of marine mammal ■ 【T1】_________size 【T1】_________ ■ Warm-blooded ■ Air-breathing 2. Lifespan of whales ■ The lifespan varies from one species to another ■ Average is about 【T2】________years 【T2】_________ ■ 【T3】________can live more than 200 years 【T3】_________ 3. Whale falls ■ The dead whale sinks to the 【T4】________ 【T4】_________ ■ Many species live in it ■ 【T5】_________to find whale falls in the ocean 【T5】_________ 4. The first stage feeders of a whale fall ■ Messy eaters—traveling fish and sharks ■ Scavenging the dead whale’s soft flesh or 【T6】________ 【T6】_________ ■ Several months to two years long 5. The second stage of decomposition ■ Shrimp-like creatures and crustaceans 【T7】_________ ■ Hairy 【T7】_________which feeds on the whalebones ■ Lasting up to 【T8】_________years 【T8】_________ 6. The third and final stage ■ Clams live off sulfide—a gas that 【T9】_________give off 【T9】_________ ■ More than 【T10】_________species live on a single whale skeleton 【T10】_________ ■ Last for decades
2． 【T1】
正确答案：Huge
解析：信息题。根据录音可知鲸鱼是一种海洋哺乳动物，它体型巨大。 知识模块：听力
3． 【T2】
正确答案：50
解析：数字题。鲸鱼的平均寿命为50年。 知识模块：听力
4． 【T3】
正确答案：Bowhead whales
解析：信息题。录音中提到“Bowhead whales spend their lives in the cold Arctic waters．They may be the world’s oldest mammals，living possibly more than 200 years!”可知是弓头鲸(北极露脊鲸)。 知识模块：听力
5． 【T4】
正确答案：ocean floor
解析：信息题。录音中提到“Before gases develop in the body，or carcass，of a dead whale it sinks to the ocean floor．”。因此填入ocean floor 一词。 知识模块：听力
6． 【T5】
四级听力正确答案：Difficult／Hard
解析：推断题。根据录音，科学家近期才出依赖whale falls生存的海洋生物物种数量，因为在大海中寻whale falls太困难了。 “It is like trying to find a needle in a haystack．”。因此这里填入表示困难的单词即可。 知识模块：听力
7． 【T6】
正确答案：tissue
解析：细节题。根据录音“A wide variety of fish and sharks come from miles and miles to scavenge the dead whale’s soft flesh or tissue．”，得到答案。 知识模块：听力
8． 【T7】
正确答案：worms
解析：细节题。根据题干可知此空要填的是靠吃鲸鱼骨的生物。根据录音“Hairy worms are also part of this stage．They feed on the whalebones making the whale carcass look like a carpet—a moving，living carpet．”可知是长毛虫类，此处应填入worms一词。 知识模块：听力
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