第四讲　名词性从句
1．(2016·江苏高考，21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A．why　B．what
C．as D．that
D　[考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D项。It is often the 可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”。] 2．(2015·江苏高考，25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
A．That B．Why
C．Where D．How
C　[考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai 的同位语，where was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。] 3．(2014·江苏高考，26)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________  you have made me.
A．how B．what
C．that D．who
B　[考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一手造就的。”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。类似的例子还
有：He is no longer what (＝the one/person that)he used to be.。what在此类句子中意为“……的，具有……特征的”，相当于the one that/the person that/the things that/all that。]
4．(2016·北京高考，24)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
A．However B．Whoever
C．Whatever D．Wherever
C　[考查主语从句。句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你能做什么(whatever)，都会对我们有帮助。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，所以C项whatever“无论什么”符合语境。however“无论多么”和wherever“无论在哪里”是关系副词，在句中作状语，可排除A、D两项；whoever“无论是谁，不管是谁”，不能作do的宾语，B项也可排除。]
5．(2016·北京高考，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A．what B．that
C．whether D．why
B　[考查表语从句。句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导，所以选B项。]
6．(2016·天津高考，11)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that
C．which D．what
B　[考查同位语从句。句意：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明
suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项that。]
【导学号：57732006】7．(2015·安徽高考，25)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not________ships are built for.
A．what B．whom
C．why D．when
A　[考查表语从句的引导词。句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本意。从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what。]
8．(2015·浙江高考，6)If you swim in    a river or lake，be sure to investigate________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
A．what B．who
C．that D．whoever
A　[考查宾语从句引导词的选择。句意：如果你在河里或者湖里游泳，一定要弄清楚水面下有什么。经常有岩石或者树枝藏在水里。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。]
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。每一
种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句句首，且从句使用陈述语序。
一、名词性从句的引导词
引导词用法
连词that，whether，if等均不在句子中作成分。that没有意义，引
导宾语从句时可以省略；whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用whether
连接代词what，who，whom
，which，whatever
，who－ever，which
ever等
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等
成分
连接副词when，where，why
，how，whenever，
wherever，however
等
在从句中作状语
The trouble is that we are short of money.
He hasn't decided whether he will go there.
Do you know who has got the first prize?
What we need is more practice.
Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.
When he will go abroad hasn't been decided yet.
No one knew why he made such a mistake.
二、名词性从句的类别
1．主语从句
(1)主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他That he passed the driving test made us very happy.
Who will take over the company has not been decided yet.
(2)it作形式主语，常见的结构有：
It＋be＋adj.＋that从句；
It＋be＋名词(词组)＋that从句；
It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；
It＋seem(appear，happen等不及物动词)＋that从句
It is certain that you will pass the College Entrance Examination.
It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.
It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.
2．表语从句
(1)表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语＋系动词＋表语从句
The beautiful views and the friendly people are what new comers like in San Francisco.
(2)because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。
I think it's because you're careless.
2015年江苏高考He was ill.That's why he was absent.
(3)The reason why从句＋be＋that从句
The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.
(4)What从句＋be＋that从句
What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.
(5)It looks/seems as if/as though从句
It looks as if it is going to rain.
3．宾语从句
(1)主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句
主语＋动词＋介词＋宾语从句
He often thinks of how he can make his class vivid and lively.
(2)it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。常用的谓语动词有：
make，think，feel，find，consider等。
I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.
(3)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。
常见的有：like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate，see to等。
I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.
I would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.
(4)否定转移：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上，主句的主语必须是第一人称
I，we。
I don't think your answers are right.
I don't believe she will attend the meeting.
4．同位语从句