成人高考英语三级语法
成人高考英语三级——语法
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指，针对TOEFL应注意以下几点:
(1) the和可数名词单数连用，表示一类人或物，如:
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower
(2) 序数词之前必须用the，如:
the first woman, the nineteenth century 但前面有物主代词时除外，如my first baby
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外)，如:
the largest city, the most advanced technology (4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如:
the development of the watch,
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:
the globe(地球)，the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun 在下列情况下，一般不用the:
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加，如:
Dennis Chavez(人名)，Alaska(地名)，English(英语), February(二
月),America(美国) 但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、岛等专有名词时要加上the the Great Lakes(美国五大湖)， the Changjiang River(长江)
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前，如:
algebra(代数学), advertising， accounting(会计学)
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前，如:
Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from…
(4) 一些固定词组中，如:
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
乘车的词组:
by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车),
by bus (乘公共汽车),
by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) ,
by air(通过航空)
on foot (步行)， by plane(乘飞机)， by ship (乘船)，
打球的词组:成人英语三级
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball 注意：表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee.
不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词:much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的)little /a little /less /least, a piece
/sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词
专用
另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of,the re st of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义，因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用，而不和than连用。有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义，所以就没有最高级和比较级。如:
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的)，这类形容词往往被称为绝
对形容词对于most来讲，除了构成某些词最高级外，most的用法有几点需要注意，经常成为改错
题的考点:
1( 当most表示大多数时，之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数，分别为: most + 名词，如:most people, most Indian tribes;
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词，如:most of his paintings，most of us, most of the modern
artists
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词，如:
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal
例题:
(1)
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.
A B C D
答案:A
应改为:Most
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词，此句表示“大多数”，没必要加the.
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonme tals
A B C
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.
D
考点：程度副词
答案:D
应改为:still more
I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now.
I met just now your uncle (错)
2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前，如: These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然，副词enough是一个例外，要放在修饰成分的后面，如:
I am not good enough to do this job. (对)
I am not enough good to do this job. (错)
3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前，be动词之后，如:
He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis. He is always here at 8’clock. (be动词之后)
4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定，原则上接近被修饰词即可，如: only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 考点：程度副词
答案:D
应改为:still more
解释：程度副词still修饰比较级more时，应置于其前
几点参考规则:
1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后，若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后，如: She sings very well.
I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now.
I met just now your uncle (错)
2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前，如:
These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然，副词enough是一个例外，要放在修饰成分的后面，如: I am not good enough to do this job. (对)
I am not enough good to do this job. (错)
3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前，be动词之后，如:
He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis.
He is always here at 8’clock. (be动词之后)
4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定，原则上接近被修饰词即可，如:
only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 第四节容易混淆的词
hard (努力，副词) ,hardly (几乎不，副词)
close (接近，形容词) ,closely(接近，副词)
near (接近，形容词) ,nearly (几乎，副词)， nearby (adj.邻近的) most (大多数的，形容词) ,mostly(主要地，大部分副词)
late (迟、晚，形容词) ,lately (最近，副词)，later(adv 稍后的) high (高的，形容词) ,highly (adv. 非常，大大的)
另外: friendly(友好的)， lovely(可爱的、有趣的)，尽管词尾有ly, 但是
都是形容词作主语：不定式短语可作主语
如:To see is to believe (百闻不如一见)
To work hard should be your major concern. 注意：由于英文不习惯句子主语过长，不定式主语常被形式主语it所代替(详见第十七章) 例如上面第二句可以变为: It should be your major concern to work hard. 又如: It is very nice of you to help me
不定式常接在名词之后作定语，如something to read, nothing to do, anything to decla re, a lot to
complain of, the right person to talk to, etc. 由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系，因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)不定式定语还可表示将来的含义，如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June 独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格) 对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致: Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
在TOEFL考试中，经常混淆反身代词的写法，结尾的-self和-selves经常故意写错反身代词的用法
可以用来做宾语: He hurt himself when he fell. 可以用来做表语: He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服) 反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思 I myself do it.
I do it myself.
They made the research themselves.
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