关于环保的四级英语听力
    英文回答：
    Environmentalism, as a social and political movement, aims to protect and preserve the natural environment. It recognizes the importance of biodiversity, clean air and water, and sustainable resource use. Motivated by concerns over environmental degradation, pollution, and climate change, environmentalists advocate for policies and practices that minimize human impact on the planet.
    One of the key principles of environmentalism is the precautionary principle. This principle argues that actions should be taken to prevent potential environmental harm, even if there is scientific uncertainty about the likelihood of such harm. The precautionary principle has influenced decision-making in areas such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), chemicals regulation, and hazardous waste management.
    Another fundamental principle of environmentalism is the "polluter pays" principle. This pri
nciple holds that those who pollute the environment should bear the costs of mitigating or remediating the damage caused by their actions. The polluter pays principle has been incorporated into environmental legislation and policies around the world, with the aim of incentivizing businesses and individuals to minimize their environmental impact.
    Environmentalism also embraces the concept of ecosystem services. These are the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, such as clean air and water, pollination, and flood control. Environmentalists argue that these services have economic and social value, and that they should be taken into account when making decisions about land use and resource management.
    中文回答：四级 听力
    环境保护主义作为一种社会和政治运动，旨在保护和维持自然环境。它认识到生物多样性、清洁空气和水以及可持续资源利用的重要性。出于对环境恶化、污染和气候变化的担忧，环保主义者主张那些可以最大程度减少人类对地球影响的政策和实践。
    环境保护主义的一个关键原则是谨慎原则。该原则认为，应当采取行动以防止潜在的环境损害，即使从科学的角度来说对于这种损害的可能性尚不确定。谨慎原则已经影响了如转基因生物 (GMO)、化学品监管和危险废物管理等领域的决策。
    环境保护主义的另一个基本原则是“污染者付费”原则。该原则认为，那些污染环境的人应当承担因其行为而造成损害的减轻或修复成本。污染者付费原则已被纳入世界各地的环境立法和政策中，目的是激励企业和个人最大程度地减少其环境影响。
    环境保护主义还包含生态系统服务的概念。这些服务是指人类从生态系统中获得的好处，比如清洁的空气和水、授粉以及洪水控制。环保主义者认为这些服务具有经济和社会价值，并且在就土地利用和资源管理做出决策时应当将这些因素考虑在内。